Documents found
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3883.More information
In order to cope with the strong increase of CO2 emissions in developing countries, particularly in emerging countries, the integration of these countries in the post-Kyoto climate regime is crucial. To this end, it is necessary to seek a new approach for the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" and abandon the dualistic interpretation of this principle entrenched in the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations framework convention on climate change. In addition, in order to overcome divergences between developed and developing countries, the only way forward is to strengthen the transfer of technology and financial resources to developing countries, enabling them at the same time to improve their socioeconomic status and reduce their negative impact on the global environment. In this sense, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the United Nations collaborative program on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) constitute the key mechanisms for the integration of developing countries. By stressing the importance of these mechanisms, this article aims to clarify the main points of negotiation, which are the cross-section approach to the CDM, the inclusion of carbon capture and storage in the CDM as well as the funding modalities of REDD (the carbon market mechanism or fund-based approach).
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3884.More information
This study proposes a reflection on the mechanism of reparation provided by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Ten years after its creation, the Court has rendered its first judgment in the Lubanga case. In March 2012, the Trial Chamber has found the accused guilty of war crimes. It invited the parties and the participants to submit their submissions on the principles that the Court should apply in determining the reparation and the procedure to follow. The reparations phase is imminent. In light of past ad hoc trial experiences for former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, the author frames the role of victims in the international criminal trial (I). She analyzes the complex notions of the Rome Statute's substantive law, especially ones related to the beneficiaries and the debtors of the reparations, applicable principles, accepted forms of reparation and the individual and/or collective character of the reparation order (II). She then proceeds with the examination of questions linked to the procedure and management of evidence (III). The author concludes her study by tackling the stakes of implementing reparations and the important role that the Trust Fund for Victims could play at this decisive stage (IV).
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3889.More information
Drones are becoming more accessible and efficient. This article presents a review of recent scientific literature focusing on their use to study wildlife. The 250 publications consulted were grouped into one of 4 categories: wildlife surveys, the behavioural response of wildlife to drones, the study of wildlife behaviour and wildlife protection. The review highlighted the great potential of drones for helping in the survey of animals, especially birds and mammals, and it also revealed the developments underway to allow their use for studying aquatic fauna, amphibians, reptiles and insects. The main impacts of drones on animals are presented and, based on the available information, preliminary recommendations are made to limit their disturbance to wildlife. Drones have multiple advantages and the rapid development of this technology suggests that several of the current limits to their use will soon be overcome. Finally, elements of the Canadian regulations on the use of drones are presented. In conclusion, in the medium-term, drones have the potential to play a significant role in the protection and management of biodiversity.
Keywords: comportement, conservation, détection, drone, inventaire, behaviour, conservation, detection, drone, survey
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3890.More information
For decades, the economic world seems to have been going global - despite a slowdown before the epidemic crisis. But does this mean that it is becoming global? Are we not confusing the transnationalisation of firms with the standardisation of social and managerial practices? Is management at a global level tending towards similar principles and practices or do specific national differences persist? We postulate here that the question is ultimately badly posed - and the articles in this special issue contribute to putting the question into perspective. Firstly, organisations intertwine many socio-cultural factors, not only national cultural factors. More importantly, companies use these variabilities, while imitating formal tools from other companies, including those abroad. They must necessarily adapt the use of these tools to take account of all the local (and not only cultural) particularities, or even maintain them, in their search for efficiency. Particularities are therefore maintained and used within the framework of formal methods which sometimes tend to become universal.