Documents found
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4031.
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4033.More information
Paul Kawczak is a writer, literature PhD, lecturer and editor at La Peuplade. On April 25, 2022, the participants of the research project “Le récit de voyage à l’ère numérique. Tentative d’épuisement de l’autoroute Nord-Sud (Gaspé et Miami)” had the opportunity to meet him during an interview conducted by Rachel LaRoche, doctoral student in French language literature. Based on the novel Ténèbre, for which the author has won numerous awards, the discussion focused on the topics of the relationship to the literary canon and to creation, the production of space, and novel writing. Through a reflection on the carving of borders and bodies present in the text, Kawczak and LaRoche also question in this interview the resonances between colonial violence and the contemporary state violence.
Keywords: Écriture, Colonialisme, Littérature, Espace, Writing, Literature, Colonialism, Space
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4034.More information
This article explores the impact of double talk on narrative identity. It is in continuity with a previous visual autoethnography project that focused on the experience of the communist regime in Romania, as lived by the author. By demonstrating how art allowed her to overcome the difficulty of giving a verbal account of this period of her life, the research results brought to light a new question regarding the source of such a difficulty: if language plays a fundamental role in the constitution of the individual as a subject, what was the impact of the communist double talk, devoid of content and meaning, on that individual’s ability to grasp and share their reality? The text begins with a description of the initial autoethnographic project. Then, a parallel between the military lexicon of the pandemic and the communist rhetoric will allow to explore the impact of the double talk on the narrative identity. It ends with the hypothesis that by hindering the understanding of the lived events, the tongue of wood caused a collective trauma, the remedy of which would be the late return on these events and art.
Keywords: visual autoethnography, autoethnographie visuelle, autoethnografía visual, arte-terapia, art therapy, art-thérapie, lenguaje de madera, double talk, langue de bois, régime communiste, communist regime, régimen comunista, identidad narrativa, identité narrative, narrative identity
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4036.More information
Victimology, the study of the victim, emerged in the second half of the 20th century as a branch of criminology. Until then criminology was exclusively focused on crime and its perpetrators. But since most crimes are committed against a victim/target the study of the latter offered a holistic approach. It also offered the prospect of transforming the static criminological theories into dynamic theories incorporating the interactions between victim and victimizer and the situational dynamics in confrontational victimizations. The beginnings of Victimology were purely theoretical focusing on the victims of specific crimes, their role and their eventual contribution to the genesis of the crime.In the 1970's the micro approach that characterized early Victimology was eclipsed by a macro approach aimed at assessing the volume of victimization, particularly hidden and unreported victimization. Victimization surveys became quite popular and were carried out regionally, nationally and transnationally. They allowed researchers to collect a vast amount of data on crime victims and yielded some very interesting as well as some unexpected findings. The last decades of the 20th century witnessed a major transformation in Victimology. The Victimology of the act gave way to a Victimology of action. The ideological transformation of victimology from the study of the victim into the art of helping victims, the over-identification with crime victims, and the missionary zeal with which the 'interests' of those victims are defended and pursued are quite manifest in victimology conferences and symposia.The missionary zeal exhibited by many victimologists on behalf and in the interest of crime victims is fraught with danger. First, it is jeopardizing the quality of scholarship and the scholarly stance of the discipline of victimology. As a result, victimology is increasingly being regarded as a humanitarian and ideological movement rather than a scientific discipline. Secondly, missionary zeal and partisan stance are moving criminal law and the criminal justice system into a punitive, retributive direction. There is also a third danger. Since the victim lobby has chosen to focus on traditional crimes rather than white-collar crime or acts of abuse of power, there has been a distinct shift of focus in research to the former type at the expense of the latter. Victims of white-collar crime, corporate crime and abuse of power have once again been relegated to the shadow. More serious still is yet another danger. In the diligent quest for victims' rights there seems to be a manifest or latent willingness to sacrifice offenders' rights. A false contest is thus created between the rights of both groups.So where is victimology heading ? Science and partisanship are incompatible. Once researchers take sides or become advocates they lose their neutrality, their objectivity and their credibility. This is a fundamental principle that should be seriously considered by those well-intentioned criminologists and victimologists who have adopted the cause of crime victims and who claim to speak on their behalf.The future of victimology will thus depend on its ability to return back to its original scientific mission, to shed its ideological mantle and to resume its role as a scholarly discipline and as an integral part of criminology. It is the need to separate research from action and science from activism that dictates that victimology be separated from victim policy. To restore its neutrality and to regain and maintain its scientific integrity victimology will have to detach itself from politics and ideology.
Keywords: Victimologie, victimologie activiste, victimisation, enquêtes de victimisation, victimisation confrontationnelle, victime catalyseuse, victime récidiviste, Victimology, activist victimology, victimization, victim surveys, confrontational victimization, victim precipitation, recidivist victim, Victimología, victimología activista, victimización, encuestas de victimización, victimización confrontacional, víctima catalizadora, víctima reincidente
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4037.More information
This article provides a diachronic analysis of the various strategies by which the Nazi authorities instrumentalized Mozart in annexed Austria, from the Anschluss (1938) to the end of the Second World War (1945). Based on a systematic review of articles and event announcements about Mozart in the pages of the Vienna edition of the official newspaper of the Nazi party, the Völkischer Beobachter, this study shows how propaganda discourse surrounding Mozart was constantly being adapted to the political and military context throughout the period in question, whether in support of the Nazi military enterprise, in celebration of the expansion of the Reich, or in order to entertain a war-torn population. Though at the time of Austria's annexation and in the early years of the war Mozart was used above all as a support for discourse exalting the greatness of the German Reich, the setbacks of the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front in 1942-1943 were accompanied by a Mozartian rhetoric more centred on the valorization of the war effort, resilience, and the soothing power of music. The latter idea became dominant in the run-up to the Nazi defeat in 1944-1945, when the cultural propaganda surrounding Mozart put forward the soothing notion that German art and spirit were immortal and stronger than anything.
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4039.More information
This article focuses on the Socinian ethical treatise Ethica Aristotelica, written by Johann Crell in c. 1622 in Raków, Poland. It is commonly believed that this work, which systematized the theory contained in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, was a simple compendium intended for exclusive use at the Racovian Academy, an educational institution that welcomed students of diverse religious backgrounds. However, a careful reading of the treatise shows that behind a veil of Aristotelian thought, controversial elements of the Socinian faith were smuggled into the text. These were primarily the idea of Pelagianism and the belief in the human nature of Christ. In the present article, a careful analysis accompanied by several lines of evidence support the idea thatEthica Aristotelica also represents an instrument for promoting the Socinian faith, initially among the students of the Academy, and then, with the print of the first edition in the Netherlands in 1650, among other European confessions.
Keywords: Johann Crell, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Raków, Socinianism, Virtue
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