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How does Sévigné manage to take her place and oppose the gallant discourse of her cousin Bussy-Rabutin with its relentless libertine provocations and solicitations? How does she take part in an agôn, substitute for the point of honour—aristocratic code from which women are traditionally excluded—to respond to a double masculine challenge, at once politico-familial and rhetorical? She accomplishes this first by adapting the warrior ethos of the Amazon, figure of a feminine, political and familial counterforce. Next she self-appropriates heroic models offering her the authority to debate her cousin, in the wake of the portrait affair. In doing so, Sévigné demonstrates her value and rhetorical abilities. Towards the end of the correspondence, the intrusion of the feminine into the male world of combat leads her to examine her supposed feminine weakness: “But if I were a man, would I have brought such shame to that house where value and boldness appear to be hereditary?” (Letter of October 23, 1683) If this contest raises the question of a balance of power, it allows, in reality, for the strategic affirmation of a balance of talent, since the epistolary duel can only be fought with equal weapons.

This article examines the different ways in which the authors who write in the pages of the detective magazine Police Journal embed their texts in urban space and what these forms of embedment tell us about their relationship to the city. It discusses their discourses about the city in general, and Montreal in particular, the districts of the metropolis that are featured in them, and the ways in which urban space insinuates itself into the very way of writing the texts that make up this weekly publication. This analysis allows us to demonstrate the primarily urban rooting of Police Journal, but also the coexistence, in its pages, of a real Montreal, mobilized in different strategies of truthfulness, and a more clearly fantasized Montreal, drawing on different literary imaginaries.

In 1946, two publications focusing on investigative stories were launched in Quebec by popular publishers: Détective mystère and Drame judiciaire. These nickel-and-dime titles were designed as newspaper simulacra, sharing an almost identical format and thematic orientation. Both heroize French-Canadian investigative figures and convey concerns about a crime wave in Montreal. However, their strategies for appealing to their readership diverge: while Détective mystère publishes fictionalized short stories, nodding towards the French serial novels of the early twentieth century, Drame judiciaire draws on the North American press and is inspired by true-crime magazines. Despite these distinct cultural sources, the two titles are very similar in their ideological underpinnings and their use of investigation as an alibi for depicting crime.

Nadia Khrouz’s book explores the practices of law regarding foreigners in Morocco highlighting the diversity of actors involved at different levels. International and European pressures combine with the strategies of state and non-state actors, helping to adjust legal practices. Using an ethno-methodological approach, the author demonstrates that foreigners’ legal practices, particularly through the justice and administration’s activities, are influenced by the social and political perceptions of foreigners. As a result, it appears that the categories of foreigners are in flux, evolving in line with institutional policies and arrangements. Associations in particular are presented as key actors in the Moroccan context, filling gaps in public institutions and contributing to progress towards the rule of law and better access to justice. These associations use the law as a means of action, without opposing the regime in place, and are thus in line with the State’s vision of supporting the intervention capacities of civil society players. International institutions such as the European Union and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees also intervene to reinforce the capacities of institutional actors and programs.

Keywords: Ethnométhodologie, Droit de la nationalité, Droit, Immigration, Afrique, Analyse des politiques publiques, Maroc, Ethnomethodology, Nationality right, Right, Immigration, Africa, Analysis of public policies, Morocco

Fantômes dans la rue (2000) by J.M.G. Le Clézio reinterprets the Ghost in the Machine myth. An intermedial analysis of this literary work provides a critical exploration of video surveillance in urban settings and the circulation of images produced by cameras installed in our cities. These images are considered as symbolic goods of a particular kind, contributing to the formation of an instrumented gaze and an imagination shaped by surveillance. The editorial and enunciative characteristics of Le Clézio's work are examined through the lens of an ethics of testimony. This ethics, indeed, gives meaning to the text and to the writer's intervention, which aims to raise awareness among the privileged about the reality of the subaltern.

Keywords: J.M.G. Le Clézio, Intermédialité, Vidéosurveillance, Témoignage, Subalternes, J.M.G. Le Clézio, Intermediality, Video Surveillance, Testimony, Subalterns

Quantitative research about women in prison remains scarce, especially studies exploring the links between vulnerability, early adversity and delinquent trajectories. This study, carried out with 100 women incarcerated in French-speaking Belgium via face-to-face questionnaires, aims to document the prevalence of these factors, while analyzing their interrelationships and exploring their influence on certain offenses committed. Factor analyses revealed four vulnerability factors (mental health disorders, substance abuse, socio-economic precariousness and dysfunctional marital relationships), as well as two adversity factors (early family adversity and victimization). The results show a high prevalence of polyvulnerability and adversity to be significantly associated with certain offences, in particular physical violence and drug trafficking. These results underline the central role of traumatic experiences and multiple vulnerabilities in the emergence of delinquent behaviour, and argue in favour of integrated, gender-sensitive care that takes into account the life course of incarcerated women in order to prevent their involvement in delinquent trajectories and reduce the risk of recidivism.

The experiences of justice-involved homeless women (JIHW) and the meanings they attach to these experiences are integral to their present and future identities. However, the ways in which a person perceives and interprets his or her experiences remain inextricably linked to culture, suggesting that certain experiences may also influence an individual's identity construction. Several contemporary studies document individual characteristics resulting from life experiences that may be stigmatized and influence the underlying meaning-making process essential to the ongoing formation of identities. For example, homelessness is an experience that leads to social stigma that may influence how they define themselves. In this qualitative study, the life narratives of five JIHW engaged in the dual process of exiting homelessness and desisting crime were analyzed to identify how they describe the influence of their traumatic experiences in the construction of their affiliate identity. The analysis informs that as they cope with their traumatic experiences, JIHW go through five identities. These results highlight the relevance of identity-related dimensions and narratives approaches in understanding the social affiliation process of JIHW.

Southern Senegal's Kédougou region serves as the study area for artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). This activity plays an essential role in the local economy, especially as a source of income complementary to traditional activities (livestock, fishing, agriculture and others). Opportunities are also direct informal jobs (blacksmiths, crushers and crushers, washing and separation operators, et cetera ) as indirect (traders, cooks, transporters and delivery people, et cetera ). However, it is also responsible for negative environmental, economic and health impacts, which require technological, organizational and political solutions. However, the complexity of ASM activities must be understood. Through observations of practices, a systemic approach was used to identify the different unit processes and to express, on the one hand, resource flows and, on the other hand, the flows of releases into the environment as well as recirculated flows. This approach has made it possible to map the processes, thus highlighting two modes of organization (distributed and centralized) in ore processing activities in ASM in Senegal. Both models have specific characteristics that influence system performance, working conditions and possible releases and impacts on health and the environment. Conditions such as the presence of a river, the influence of practices from other countries or the gold content of the rock tend to explain the choice of one or the other model. These specific features include (i) the spatial organization of sites that house processing activities, (ii) the mode of collaboration between informal sectors, and (iii) manual and semi-mechanized techniques. The resulting practices are part of circular economy strategies. Analyzing the collected information made it possible to map the chain of gold-mining processes in Kédougou for the first time.

Keywords: orpaillage artisanal, cartographie des processus, économie circulaire, Sénégal, artisanal gold panning, process mapping, circular economy, Senegal