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Michel Foucault described the present epoch as being one of space. Some of his notions of space are found in his theories on heterotopias—disturbing places of segregated otherness—which Foucault adapted to describe temporal paradigms within a social framework. This study analyzes the duality of opposing temporal planes that are presented as the empirical world and the metaphysical realm, as they inform the heterotopic space within Alban Berg's opera Lulu. The objective is to expand on the ambiguous meaning of heterotopia and to view Berg's opera through the seminal lens of Foucauldian theory.

Keywords: Foucault, Berg, heterotopias, metaphysical realm, social frameworks, otherness, Foucault, Berg, hétérotopies, royaume métaphysique, cadres sociaux, altérité

How do we distinguish socially legitimate singularities (differences, dissimilarities, extravagances, etc.) from disturbing figures of disorder (deviations, pathologies, anomies, etc.) who activate the “invisible hand of intervention” (psychologists, doctors, social workers, sociologists, etc.)? What are the normative conditions of astonishment, concern, and indignation that mobilize sociologists (and other “logists”)? How do we switch from the series “observe, understand, and let be” to “worry, analyze, and intervene”? We will develop our argument in five steps: 1) distinguish two elementary forms of the conditions of attention (resemblance and analysis) when it comes to apprehending an unknown phenomenon; 2) sketch the characteristics of a space of order in terms of liminal functions (possible–impossible, thinkable–unthinkable, etc.) and interfaces (human–nonhuman, conforming–deviant, etc.); 3) problematize the “obviousness” of the new space of order around emotion and intersectionality; 4) describe how “the invisible hand of intervention” distinguishes the statuses of “abnormal” (pathology, problem, deviance, etc.) and “anomalous” (difference, dissimilarity, diversity, etc.) to “classify” the different phenomena; and, finally, 5) list some contemporary characteristics of our “sociological way of reading” the “problematic social” universe, that is, our specific way of “paying attention” to the social.

Keywords: problèmes sociaux, intervention sociale, déviance, émotion, intersectionnalité, social problems, social intervention, deviance, emotion, intersectionality

This essay deals with the controversy concerning the limits of sec. 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Given that it does not bestow an untrammelled right to practise a profession, does this mean that all matters in the professional field are totally excluded ? In Wilson v. Medical Services Commission, the B.C. Court of Appeal left a role for sec. 7 in professional matters. The decision has been contested by at least one commentator. The main thrust of this essay is to defend Wilson.

AbstractSqueegeeing is a relatively new and illegal practice in Montreal. The media has talked a lot about this practice but there have been few proper studies of the phenomenon. This article shows that, while the young people that adopt this practice are generally regarded as « squeegee » and as « street youth », the variety of their experiences and motives belies any such reductive categorizations. By way of qualitative methodology, including in-depth interviews and field observations carried out in 1999, the social context of squeegeeing is illustrated. Finally, starting from the meaning that squeegeeing has for those who practice it, the author examines how this activity, despite being viewed as an « outlaw » practice, may allow these young people a degree of social integration, however marginalized.

This study aims to understand how street young construct their affective and sexual experiences. Individual interviews were conducted with thirty-two street youths in Montreal (18 women, 14 men) aged from 18 to 27 years old. The testimonies were analyzed from a typological method (Schnapper, 2005) that identified five groups of affective and sexual experiences in the street context : criminal success, withdrawal, survival, commitment and avoidance through drugs. The analysis shows that youth from the withdrawal and the commitment groups reported an affective engagement with their intimate partners, while the youth from the criminal success and the survival groups described an instrumentalization of their intimate partners. The ‘avoidance through drugs' group shows the influence of drugs, which push young people to instrumentalize sexuality in order to satisfy their addiction. This study helps to nuance the homogeneous and threatening conception of the street context by showing the different ways in which the youths mobilized their affective and sexual experiences in order to improve their situation.

Keywords: Jeunes de la rue, amour, sexualité, typologie, recherche qualitative, Street youth, love, sexuality, typology, qualitative research, Jóvenes de la calle, amor, sexualidad, tipología, investigación cualitativa

Immigration policies are aimed at young-to-middle-aged people, for good reasons. The exceptions are parental and grandparental immigration programs, designed to reunite yesterday's immigrants and their young children with the (grand)parents who still live in the country of origin. (Grand)parental immigration has been an unquestioned facet of immigration law for the last century and a half. Elderly people are the least threatening immigrants: they rarely commit crimes, they are not conduits for further immigrant family members, and they are unlikely to fundamentally change the culture of the destination state. Yet the last few decades have seen an unprecedented and mostly unremarked assault on parental and grandparental immigration, with some rather shoddy economics as the only reason. Quotas have been lowered, required sponsorship amounts have been raised, health conditions have been made stricter, and family structures have been added to the list of criteria. This article looks at the tightening of immigration rules since the 1970s in three types of immigrant-receiving countries: traditional settler states, modern settler states, and liberal states which seek to discourage immigration. The article concludes that reasons, whether legal, political or economic, are lacking in both quantity and quality. The growing restrictions on elderly immigration are unjust and senseless, and should be reversed.

Migrants influence the ideas, behaviour and social capital of those who are left behind, especially their children, through financial and social transfers. This paper studies the impact of parental migration on children's schooling in Senegal with a mixed approach using data from a retrospective biographical survey and a qualitative field survey. Although our results show a positive impact of father's migration on boys' and girls' access to school, inequalities in enrolment persist. On the one hand, the absence of the father favours continued schooling only for boys. On the other hand, the relationship between migration and schooling varies according to the characteristics of the paternal migration : our study highlights the importance of the economic contribution of migration as well as its timing in the lives of the children. The authors discuss the results in the light of the qualitative data to understand the psycho-social impacts of paternal absence such as social transfers and young people's construction of an idealized image of migration.

Keywords: Scolarisation, Migration paternelle, Inégalités, Genre, Contexte de la migration, Méthodes mixtes, Schooling, Paternal migration, Inequalities, Gender, Migration context, Mixed methods