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This paper deals with the legal approach to homosexuality throughout history, focussing on Roman law, French law up to the Revolution, English law till the mid-60's and finally, Canadian law from the French period up to the amendments to the Criminal Code in 1969. What lessons can be drawn from this analysis? A first conclusion is the increasing intolerance towards homosexuals as evidenced by laws that become more and more preoccupied with private morality and control of individual behaviour. Here, we notice the inverse trend in the Roman law tradition and the common law one, where cultural and religious differences explain much of this curious evolution. A second conclusion is the link established between deviant behaviour and all forms of « deviance » from official policies-thus, accusations of homosexuality are to be found in troubled periods of religious (heresies) and political turmoil. Finally, one notes that although the Medieval period is often considered as being particularly cruel in its treatment of homosexuals, this view would need important qualifications in light of the 20th century treatment of such persons, witness of course, the Nazi extermination.

AbstractPsychotropic drugs such as cocaine can act as a stimulant on the central nervous system and alter sexual responses and behaviour. Several studies have suggested a relation between the effects of cocaine and sexuality ; however, the results remain contradictory in regard to its positive and negative effects. In this exploratory study, the impact of psychotropic drugs, including cocaine, on sexuality was observed among 33 participants who frequent a drug addiction rehabilitation centre. Correlations were made between various aspects of their consumption, including the duration, method of administration, quantity and frequency of their use and various aspects of their sexuality, particularly fantasies, sexual satisfaction, atypical sexual behaviour and criminality. The results show significant correlations between the consumption variable and those related to sexual satisfaction, atypical behaviour and criminality. More specifically, the results suggest that an increase in the duration of the consumption or the quantities absorbed is associated with a decrease in sexual satisfaction, while an increase in the duration of the consummation or method of administration at a high absorption level is associated with an increase in atypical sexual behaviour and criminality. These results are interpreted according to an explanatory model which attempts to consolidate the results of the study with sometimes contradictory scientific documentation.

Keywords: substances psychotropes, cocaïne, satisfaction sexuelle, comportements sexuels atypiques, dysfonctions sexuelles, psychotropic drugs, cocaine, sexual satisfaction, atypical sexual behaviour, sexual dysfunction, sustancias psicotrópicas, cocaína, satisfacción sexual, comportamientos atípicos, disfunciones sexuales

AbstractThe goal of this article is to provide a perspective on the mediator's position, which often surfaces during a participatory research process. In the light of a study of parents living in poverty, the mediator presents the researcher's various standpoints through highlights of the study. The mediator focuses more specifically on the difficulties encountered when the researcher wishes to convey the participants' opinions to the institutions involved.

Background On numerous islands of the Pacific, under various names, there are people considered to be neither men nor women but half-men/half-women. In French Polynesia, there is a sociological and anthropological condition called RaeRae or Mahu. A RaeRae is a man who behaves as and considers himself to be a woman. RaeRae and Mahu are good examples of culture-bound transsexuality or cross-dressing. Being Mahu has a cultural meaning, recognized in the history of Polynesian society, and cannot be considered as a medical or psychiatric condition. Being RaeRae extends the transformation to possible hormone therapy and surgery; the traditional social role (education, tourism) of Mahu is retained but in some cases is influenced by prostitution and at-risk homosexuality.Bibliographic sources and method We conducted a literature search using several medical, social, and anthropological bibliographic sources (MedLine, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, DUMAS). We used the terms RaeRae, Mahu, Polynesian androphilia, and Polynesian sexuality. We found 20 articles and theses. Some articles discuss a very similar condition in Samoa (fa'afafine). In addition, Mahu seems to be a derogatory term for a male homosexual or drag queen in the Hawaiian Islands.Results and contents RaeRae and Mahu is broadly defined as men with sweetness [OK?] or women who are prisoners of men's bodies. There is evidence of their presence and social functions in ancient times. The arrival of the missionaries and Christian morality resulted in the emergence of a new moral and sexual order. RaeRae and Mahu remain present and visible today. They are integrated into local professional and cultural life and are accepted, as long as their sexuality remains unspoken and invisible, which is more difficult for RaeRae. We describe the phenomenon and its context and the sociocultural hypotheses. We retain a reference connected to tacit knowledge of Polynesian sacrificial rites: Mahu did not undergo sacrifices the victims of which had to be men. A general discussion must be envisaged concerning the DSM-5, transgender identity and stigmatization. For instance, in Hawaii, people who identify as transgender continue to suffer high rates of violence, sexual assault and discrimination. The description contributes to an investigation of the limits of considering gender as binary; rather, it is a continuum not governed by the medicalization and psychologization of a cultural feature, which is also recognizable in other cultural areas including among the Amerindians. Studying RaeRae and Mahu in Polynesia means agreeing to confront the binary concept that structures and divides the world into two categories of gender and sex, male and female, just like grammatical gender in French. Examples from other cultures include the new half in Japan, muxe or muché among the Zapotecs of Tehuantepec, woubi in Côte d'Ivoire, femminielli in Italy, ladyboys or kathoeys in Thailand, natkadaw in Myanmar, hijra in India and Pakistan, khounta in Arab Islamic culture, and in Canada and the USA, agokwa among the Ojibwa, and ikoneta in the Illinois language. Mahu, or transgendered individuals and transvestites, were in fact viewed by the ancient Hawaiians as a normal element of the old social culture that preceded missionary days and American and French military missions. Mahu were not merely tolerated; they were regarded as a legitimate and contributory part of the ancient Polynesian community.

Keywords: transgenre, RaeRae, Mahu, culture polynésienne, identité de genre, transgender, RaeRae, Mahu, polynesian culture, gender identity

Is it relevant in a search for meaning that characterizes a journey of faith, to use hermeneutic tools to open the scriptures to other possibilities than what the Christian tradition offers today ? By applying a Process approach to Chapter 16 of the Book of Ezekiel, the analysis leads to original theological propositions, notably redefining divine omnipotence as a stubbornness that seeks to convince, and making divine forgiveness an obligation of human freedom and responsibility.

Cette étude visait à améliorer la compréhension du rôle des rapports de genre et de la sexualité dans les comportements sexuels à risque au VIH/sida chez les clients et les autres partenaires sexuels des travailleuses du sexe (TS) de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso. Deux techniques de collectes de données ont été employées. Premièrement, des entretiens qualitatifs effectués auprès de 30 hommes (24 clients et six petits amis de TS) ont permis d'approfondir le contexte des rapports de genre, de la sexualité, de la prostitution et des comportements sexuels. L'analyse du discours des participants a fait ressortir l'existence d'une inégalité sociale et sexuelle entre les hommes et les femmes, inégalité qui, dans un contexte de précarité socio-économique, fournit une explication au phénomène de la prostitution ainsi …

This article uses settler colonialism as a specific analytic frame through which to understand the historical forces in the formation of settler cities as urbanizing polities. Arguing that we must pay attention to the intertwined histories of immigration and colonization, the author traces the symbolic and economic functions and origins of the settler-colonial city to reveal its political imperatives, the expropriation of Indigenous land, and the dispossession, removal, sequestration, and transformation of Indigenous peoples. Taking as a case study the city of Victoria, BC, and its Lekwungen people throughout the nineteenth century, the author charts the shift from a mixed and fluid mercantilist society to an increasingly racialized and segregated settler-colonial polity. This transition reveals how bodies and urbanizing spaces are reordered and remade, and how Indigenous peoples come to be produced and marked by political categories borne of the racialized practices of an urbanizing settler colonialism, which complement the powerful forces of settler ethnogenesis and colonial modernity.

Keywords: Sexualité juvénile, Socialisation, Reconnaissance, Hétéronormativité, Transactions sexuelles

La présente thèse vise à analyser et à explorer la gestion du proxénétisme par les forces de l’ordre suivant les trajectoires criminelles et policières de personnes éventuellement enquêtées pour du proxénétisme, les logiques de décisions policières et l’efficacité des interventions policières dont ces proxénètes font l’objet. Elle étudie les interventions policières dont les proxénètes font l’objet par l’analyse quantitative de données policières d’une grande ville canadienne entre 2001 et 2014 (n=589) en trois analyses. D’abord, l’approche typologique privilégiée consiste à partitionner les trajectoires des proxénètes enquêtés en différentes classes. Elle rend compte de la diversité des proxénètes contemporains, diversité perceptible dans les caractéristiques mises en lumière par la construction de trois groupes de trajectoires : les gestionnaires discrets, les polymorphes peu violents et les suractifs …