Documents found
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3122.
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3125.More information
AbstractIn Portugal, intervention of the State concerning minors is still based on the welfare model. However, the merits of this model - where the applicable measures are aimed both at minors in danger and at offenders, with the purpose of protecting them - have been widely questioned. The need for reform is urgent. To this effect, two Reform Committees have produced projects on Re-educational Intervention for Minors, on the Special Rules Applicable to Young Adult Offenders and on the Welfare of Children and Juveniles in Danger.As for educational intervention (aimed at juvenile offenders), the lower age limit has been set at 12 years, and the age of penal majority at 16. This intervention is subject to three prerequisites: the commission of an action legally considered to be an offence; the necessity for the minor to have his personality adjusted to social and legal norms; and finally, that this necessity still exist at the time when the measure is to be applied.As far as the procedure is concerned, formality and consensus are connected to the search for effectiveness, which is linked to three concepts: the minor's dignity, procedural time and the relationship between the request for education and the need for welfare. Applicable measures are specific to minors and they are established in a flexible way, both in terms of content and in terms of implementation.A special penal regime is further established for young adults (aged 16 to 21 years). The fundamental idea is to prevent these young offenders from being sent to prison.Yet, it has been admitted that this legislative reform of the law governing minors should be preceded by an effort to revitalize the solutions at a social level. For this purpose, a policy proposal on the welfare of children and juveniles in danger (up to 18 years old) has been drafted.
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3126.More information
AbstractIn 1987, Cameroon created a National Ethics Committee (nec). But it is only in 2005 that the public attention was drawn on this committee's functional challenges, as a controversial clinical trial was testing an antiretroviral for hiv prevention, in Douala. However, few literature reports discuss the nec structure and its adequacy in the geographic and academic contexts of that country. Based on a review of the literature and of local administrative documents, this article is an essay on the ethics of research in Cameroon, with a focus on the structure and the operations of its nec. It is proposed that a mixed nec model, including a national office and regional committees, could theoretically be a better option for Cameroon.
Keywords: éthique, recherche, Cameroun, ténofovir, décentralisation, ethics, research, Cameroon, ténofovir, decentralization, ética, investigación, Camerún, tenofovir, descentralización
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3127.More information
In management, compassion is cumbersome and ambivalent : it is a behavioral imperative, an ethical rule, but it can also be used in the service of effective management. It can also be a flourishing activity, through various forms of “social business”. Its development reflects both the rise in the consideration of feelings in management and the development of compassionate concern in contemporary societies. But as an imperative addressed to managers, compassion establishes an indirect criticism of the world of management : if empathy must be demanded with as much vigor, it is because alas it is not obvious in the universe work. Compassion is therefore cumbersome, but it is perhaps a lesser evil in the face of modern working conditions.
Keywords: Compassion en gestion, auto-compassion, management compassionnel, coaching, Compassion in management, Compassionate Management, Coaching, Self Compassion, Compasión en gestión empresarial, auto-compasión, gerenciamiento compasivo, coaching
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3128.More information
Despite the fact that torture is on first inspection observed as an inacceptable practice in contemporary societies, when one looks further, two different discourses are identified : one that legitimates torture and another one that refuses it. This article will focus on the discourse that rejects torture and on the “construction of the sense of the problem” (Bachelard) of torture in Brazil and its explanations. These explanations are somewhat based on the belief that the persistence of torture in Brazil during the democratization period is due to its fragile democratic consolidation. This kind of reasoning carries some blind spots that prevent us from seeing important aspects, like the fact that torture is not the exclusive reality of authoritative regimes, but also, unfortunately, of democracies.
Keywords: Torture, consolidation démocratique, violence policière, Brésil, Torture, democratic consolidation, police violence, Brazil, Tortura, consolidación democrática, violencia policiaca, Brasil
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3130.