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This article focuses on four relatively early Italian and Spanish films treating “illegal” migrations across the Mediterranean: Imanol Uribe's Bwana (1996), Llorenç Soler's Saïd (1998), Vincenzo Marra's Tornando a casa (2001) and Marco Tullio Giordana's Quando sei nato non puoi più nasconderti (2005). The analysis predominantly looks at representations of the categories “space” and “place,” which refer both to the spatial structures of the films themselves and to the ideological structures through which the clandestines migrate. The focus of this investigation concentrates on the (border) places linked to “illegal” immigration and proposes four categories through which to understand the cinematic practice of locating irregular migration.

Aspects that are unique to conjugal violence as experienced by Aboriginal women are often ignored and confounded with those of other groups of abused women in Canada. This article presents an analysis of documents from different sources of knowledge that have been produced over the last three decades in order to identify distinctive dimensions of this problem. The analysis points to the significance of the notion of family violence over other terms that are used to describe conjugal violence and to the different facets of Aboriginal women's experiences of violence with regards to prevalence, severity and forms of violence.

AbstractSelf-scrutiny has long been considered necessary for the development of virtue. Maimonides' insistence on the importance of self-scrutiny in the formation of character has its roots in Aristotle, but is developed by him in such a way as to be innovative. Three related themes are discussed here : Maimonides' conception of the role self-scrutiny plays in moral development ; how the imperative of self-scrutiny shapes his analysis of Mosaic Law ; and the specifically religious function of self-scrutiny.

AbstractThis study focuses on the singular characteristics whereby a letter from Robert Antelme, long unpublished, appears to herald the possibility of another conception of writing. In contrast with the literary tradition from which it breaks away, the letter employs a discourse that scrutinizes what lies beyond a limit of the human, which is the twentieth century's apparent legacy to every writer. Thanks to this testimony, each initiative to speak out assumes the need for a paradoxical dignity of the written word. This transcending of literature can henceforth be seen as a privative sign (aliterature) of an aesthetic understood first and foremost as soma. Several motifs attest to it, seen as a challenge that must be taken up or ignored: the precariousness of speech, the distancing of presence, the ordeal of shamelessness. But above all, the questioning of the limit, or its tacit knowledge, sets itself up as the titulary of every act of writing worthy of the name.

AbstractWhat is the African novel's relationship to realism? To highlight the richness and multiplicity of fictional forms, this article aims to show that the mimetic relationship African writers believed they developed with the world was in part illusory, and that their pretence of transparency masked the tricks and processes of rhetoric. The fact that the African novel is not as mimetic as a certain critical thought would have us believe does not prevent it from telling us much about a reality still anchored in History, and from attempting to define the truth of it. When it reaches to the edge of what drives it, it is an unparalleled instrument for analyzing social cogs and mechanisms. Where the African novel succeeds best in revealing social truth is in its fictional universe, in its imagination, in its writing or its poetics.

AbstractThe French-language novel may be read as a discourse that is sometimes dichotomous, sometimes fragmented, and if it highlights aesthetic as well as ethical problems, it may just as well be the object of its own presentation. This article proposes a reading of the African novel that seeks to view together writing and the representation of the body. Beginning with the allegory of the imprisoned body in Le vieux nègre et la médaille by Ferdinand Oyono, the point is to read a posture of enunciation resembling an awareness that may open the path to a creative appropriation of new ways of speaking, and of speaking of oneself. This critical reading of the issues in the text of a novel, which focuses notably on such notions as corps figuré and, consequently, figurant, focuses on models for reading French language writings, so as to draw out a place that will provide support for a transcultural and fragmented fictional discourse.

AbstractWhile the subject of many studies concerning Aline et Valcour, the exotic figure of the Other is mostly ignored in the other Sadean narratives. This article focuses on the Black characters depicted in both Sade's texts, including his pornographic novels and one short story, and their illustrations: four engravings in three novels depict Black characters. Studying the links between the literary and the visual identifies the gaps between these two genres as regards the depiction of Black characters, both per se and in comparison with that of White characters. While this comparison does reveal differences, it also raises some curious examples of symbolic mixes.

The study aims to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with child poly-victimization, in order to provide a reliable estimate of the problem in the Chinese context. Using a 2-stage stratified sampling procedure, 18,341 high schools students were recruited from 6 cities in China. Students were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire containing items about child victimization, addictive behaviors and adolescent sexual behaviors. In particular, the validated Chinese version of Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) was employed in this study. Preceding-year prevalence rates were 23.2 % for any type of child victimization and 9.2 % for poly-victimization. Living in Mainland China, being younger in age, and having siblings were associated with increased odds ratios of poly-victimization. Some adolescent addictive and sexual behaviors, including gambling, smoking, alcohol abuse, early sexual intercourse, multiple sex partners and teenage pregnancy, were also significantly associated with increased likelihood of poly-victimization. The findings of this study provide evidence of strong associations between child victimization and risky behaviors, which warrant prioritized intervention in cases of poly-victimization.

Keywords: Victimisation des enfants, comportements de dépendance, comportement sexuel, polyvictimisation, Chine, Child victimization, addictive behavior, sexual behavior, poly-victimization, China, Victimización de niños, comportamientos adictivos, comportamiento sexual, poli-victimización, China