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The polysemic term “gringo” inevitably mediates the negotiation of cultural identity for anthropologists carrying out fieldwork in Latin America. Drawing on experiences from the authors' interactions in pursuit of professional goals, this analysis shows how nation, religion, gender, race, and the histories of colonization, migration, and alliance emerge and recede in kaleidoscopic encounters between hemispheric stereotypes and cross-cultural travelers. The intertwined personal experience narratives of ‘gringo-hood' we present reveal the fractal character of knowledge and experience. This article, therefore, shows how linguistic, cultural, and especially folkloric interactions mediate the various dimensions of our socially situated experiences and the different forms of talk we encountered.

This article analyzes the literary rewriting of the oral tradition by poets writing in Portugese (Manuel Bandeira) and French (Édouard Glissant), starting with poems that have the carnival as their central theme: the carnival as a form of collective and snide resistance. The process requires a permanent restatement of principles: working over the meaning of a language (or languages) is more accessibly and more directly accomplished in an anthropophagous culture such as the Brazilian, while in a two-languaged culture, such as that of the Caribbean, the same undertaking is achieved in a more constrained and abstruse manner. Through this series of insights, the author tries to show the presence of a typology of American cultures springing from the regime of the plantations.

The association between play and pleasure may seem natural, even intuitive. Although the hedonism associated with playful activities is generally evident in normally developing children, for children who have experienced early relational trauma (Bonneville-Baruchel, 2015), play can be related to displeasure, suffering and great psychological distress (Romano, 2010). Play, then, does not seem to obey the pleasure principle, nor for that matter the reality principle, in the same way that it is neither entirely in the realm of either reality or fantasy (Winnicott, 1975). This theoretical and clinical paper focuses on the evolution of the nature and role of pleasure in the psychotherapy of children who have experienced early relational trauma and who are able to experience pleasure. It attempts to demonstrate that for these children, pleasure is initially related to sensoriality, but that access to psychotherapy and pretend play allows a transition from a form of pleasure associated with the senses to one which is linked to meaning. The characteristics of play in traumatized children are outlined and clinical vignettes are presented to illustrate different manifestations of pleasure in children with early relational trauma.

Keywords: plaisir, traumas relationnels précoces, jeu, trauma, psychothérapie, pleasure, early relational trauma, traumatic play, trauma, psychotherapy

AbstractDisaffiliated cocaine users have a precarious contact with the health care system thus complicating prevention of HIV and hepatitis. The lack of confidence of cocaine users towards the health care system as well as society's way of taking charge of them, hinders both the development of a relationship based on change and for users to take action towards risk reduction. The lack of coordination between health care resources constitutes yet another obstacle. After reviewing the literature on social disaffiliation and the risks of viral infections in cocaine users, the authors make a critical analysis of preventive means concerning viral infections. Thus, the model based on harm reduction, low-access programs, information interventions, sensitization as well as motivational approaches, empowerment and health promotion are discussed.

AbstractIntegrated treatment for severe mental illness and substance abuse: Effective components of programs for persons with co-occurring disorders Traditional approaches to treating clients with co-occurring disorders based sequential or parallel mental health and substance abuse treatments have failed, leading to the development of integrated treatment programs. In this article we define integrated treatment for clients with co-occurring disorders, and identify the core components of effective integrated programs, including: assertive outreach, comprehensiveness, shared decision-making, harm-reduction, long-term commitment, and stage-wise (motivation-based) treatment. The concept of stages of treatment is described to illustrate the different motivational states through which clients progress as they recover from substance abuse: engagement, persuasion, active treatment, and relapse prevention. The stages of treatment have clinical utility for guiding clinicians in identifying appropriate treatment goals matched to clients' motivational states, and selecting interventions based on these goals. By recognizing each client's current stage of treatment, clinicians can optimize outcomes by selecting interventions that are appropriate to the client's current motivational state or stage of treatment, and minimize clients dropping out from treatment. Effective integrated treatment programs for clients with co-occurring disorders differ in the specific services they provide, but share common elements in their philosophy and values. Research documents the beneficial effects of these programs, which bodes well for the long-term prognosis of clients with co-occurring disorders.

Recent studies of twenty-first century electronic dance music culture (EDMC) highlight the importance of women's creative agency as producers and DJs, and the role EDM plays in women's formation of identity (Farrugia 2012; Hutton 2006; Rodgers 2010). Prior to the 21st century, however, women's roles in club cultures and nightlife economies were more circumscribed, and women frequently took on roles outside the profitable and creative domains of these cultural economies. Despite being relegated to these less prestigious or profitable roles within the EDMC, as well as historically having been neglected and trivialized as participants in subculture dance music scenes, women have been active participants in Montreal's club cultures since the 1950s. Without claiming to be exhaustive, this article offers a historical survey of the various ways in which women participated in Montreal's nightlife from the 1950s to the 1990s, as well as in the EDM and social dance music scenes, from discos to raves.In this paper, that draws on a broader ethnographic and archival project on LGBTQ club cultures in Montreal, are explored the historical experiences of women in club cultures between the 1950s and 1990s. Themes such as nightlife activism, strategies of territorialization and self-determination, the role of the state, musical participation, creation, and technology will be explored in relation to various recreational “spaces” of the city. These spaces include the Red-Light district, the first lesbian-run nightclubs, the “golden age” of feminist and lesbian establishments in the 1980s, and their decline with the emergence of queer culture in the 1990s.

The multiple definitions of a social problem depend on various theoretical perspectives, schools of thought, social historical and political contexts, groups of interest and presence of diverse actors, etc. To the extent that a problem is recognized as a social one, it is after it passed through various stages: number of citizens touched by the problem, social ties proximity or distance to the social mainstream in relation to the problem, institutionalization process, modalities of social reactions, etc. We will attempt to demonstrate certain links between social conditions and gambling abuse as a potential social problem. In a second phase, a psychosocial perspective will illustrate the addiction phenomenon and the central importance of distinguishing between use and abuse in the addiction cycle construction. Finally, a conclusion will focus on future perspective and questioning the gambling phenomenon as a social problem.

Keywords: Problème social, dépendance, jeux de hasard et d'argent, individualisme, contrôle social, Social problem, addiction, gambling, hyper individualism, social control

AbstractContrary to the popular belief that loneliness is typically associated with adults, and especially with older persons, this state can occur early in life. In fact, an increasing number of studies indicate that an important proportion of adolescents experience an intense episode of loneliness. This literature review describes loneliness among younger persons. We discuss the ampleness of the problem, the definition of the phenomenon, the feeling associated with loneliness, precipitating and predisposating factors and, finally, coping strategies to deal with this experience.