Documents found
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3212.More information
Today, violence and insecurity continue to plague rural communities in North Cameroon, a situation rooted in its history, in a domestic economic crisis that goes back 20 years, and in the political and military conflicts gripping neighbouring countries like Chad and the Central African Republic. The agro-pastoral systems of production are currently being undermined by land and fiscal insecurity and, more recently, by acts of armed banditry. The sedentary Mbororo herders have been the main victims so far. The difficulty in overcoming the different forms of insecurity stems from the weakness of an administration suffering from government underfunding, and the lack of organization of civil society and rural producer associations preventing North Cameroon from facing up to this situation.
Keywords: Insécurité, éleveur Mbororo, agriculteur, régime foncier, développement régional, nord du Cameroun, Insecurity, Mbororo livestock breeder, farmer, land tenure, regional development, North Cameroon, Inseguridad, ganadero Mbororo, agricultor, desarrollo regional, Norte del Camerún
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3213.More information
Sections 318 and 319 of the Criminal Code are designed to protect identifiable groups of persons from hate propaganda. However, section 318 (4) only affords that protection to categories of persons distinguished by colour, race, religion, ethnic origin and sexual orientation. Gender is excluded from the listed grounds of differentiation in this paragraph. After a brief examination of the legislative history of those provisions as well as the current state of Canadian and international law, the author notes that the exclusion of gender from the criteria of differentiation is now outdated. He then concludes that there is a pressing need to broadly reformulate section 318 (4) of the Criminal Code in order to provide effective protection to victims of hate speeches grounded on gender.
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3218.
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3219.More information
Under section 213 C.C.Q., immovables, enterprises, and important pieces of family property belonging to a minor can only be sold in cases of necessity, and only then with prior authorization from the court or the tutorship council. What is the legal status, therefore, of a contract of sale of a minor's property made by his tutor in violation of this provision? This question inspired a vigorous debate in both France and Quebec throughout the nineteenth century. Mignault "settled'' this debate in 1896 by declaring such a contract to be tainted with relative nullity. Now, over a century later, the law's attitude toward the protection of minors has changed significantly, which makes it appropriate to revisit Mignault's thesis. This paper argues that the sanction of relative nullity is inconsistent with both the text and underlying policy objectives of the section, and that an alternative approach must be adopted.
Keywords: section 213 C.C.Q., nullity, minor, child, tutor, statutory, interpretation, public order, article 213 C.c.Q., nullité, mineur, enfant, tuteur, interprétation des lois, ordre public