Documents found
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3231.More information
Sections 318 and 319 of the Criminal Code are designed to protect identifiable groups of persons from hate propaganda. However, section 318 (4) only affords that protection to categories of persons distinguished by colour, race, religion, ethnic origin and sexual orientation. Gender is excluded from the listed grounds of differentiation in this paragraph. After a brief examination of the legislative history of those provisions as well as the current state of Canadian and international law, the author notes that the exclusion of gender from the criteria of differentiation is now outdated. He then concludes that there is a pressing need to broadly reformulate section 318 (4) of the Criminal Code in order to provide effective protection to victims of hate speeches grounded on gender.
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3236.
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3237.More information
Under section 213 C.C.Q., immovables, enterprises, and important pieces of family property belonging to a minor can only be sold in cases of necessity, and only then with prior authorization from the court or the tutorship council. What is the legal status, therefore, of a contract of sale of a minor's property made by his tutor in violation of this provision? This question inspired a vigorous debate in both France and Quebec throughout the nineteenth century. Mignault "settled'' this debate in 1896 by declaring such a contract to be tainted with relative nullity. Now, over a century later, the law's attitude toward the protection of minors has changed significantly, which makes it appropriate to revisit Mignault's thesis. This paper argues that the sanction of relative nullity is inconsistent with both the text and underlying policy objectives of the section, and that an alternative approach must be adopted.
Keywords: section 213 C.C.Q., nullity, minor, child, tutor, statutory, interpretation, public order, article 213 C.c.Q., nullité, mineur, enfant, tuteur, interprétation des lois, ordre public
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3239.More information
Abstract Teachers have quasi-divine influence on the destiny of their students. The article attempts to study the political and developmental implications of this power in colonial and post-colonial societies. The manner in which this power is used will help to categorize the profiles of teachers as depicted in Francophone African fiction into one of these molds : the fictional antipathetic teacher, the fictional ambivalent teacher and the fictional constructive teacher.
Keywords: représentation, roman francophone africain, engagement sociopolitique, enseignant antipathique, enseignant ambivalent, enseignant constructif, modèle colonial/tyrannique, colonialisme/néocolonialisme, representation, Francophone African novel, socio-political commitment, antipathetic teacher, ambivalent teacher, constructive teacher, colonial/tyrannical model, colonialism /neocolonialism
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3240.More information
This article presents the following argument : in many practical contexts of policing, one does not find the conditions conducive to the making of an assessment of a policing program and of its success that follows a strong methodology. We must therefore fall back on weaker methodological designs that are nonetheless useful and valid. The paper is divided in three parts. In the first part, we present a general discussion of the evaluation process, focussing on its object and its method. The second part draws on the material presented in the first to show that satisfying strong criteria in regard to the object of the assessment and to the method of appraisal raises numerous difficulties in a practical context. In particular, performing a thorough assessment is forbidding both in terms of money and time. The third part of the paper describes various economical ways to perform methodologically weaker assessments that satisfy the fundamentals of both theory and practice. In conclusion, we briefly discuss the findings of past evaluative research on community and problem-oriented policing.
Keywords: Évaluation de la police, méthodes d'évaluation, police de communauté, police de résolution de problèmes, Police assessment, methodology, evaluation process, community policing, problem-oriented policing, Evaluación de la policía, métodos de evaluación, policía comunitaria, policía de resolución de conflictos