Documents found
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3311.More information
Research has established six “canonical” factors underlying wrongful convictions including: mistaken witness identification (MWID), false confession (FC), perjury or false accusation (P/FA), false or misleading forensic evidence (F/MFE), official misconduct (OM), and inadequate legal defense (ILD). While we know these factors do not occur in isolation, researchers have yet to examine the patterns across these six factors. In the present article, we apply latent class analysis to explore how these six factors might co-occur across known exonerations. Using data from the National Registry of Exonerations, we identify four latent classes by which the incidence rates across these six factors can be categorized. Among our noteworthy findings: 1) P/FA and OM often co-occur, 2) when MWIDs are high, the incidence of other factors is relatively low, and 3) false guilty pleas had the highest prevalence in a class that was generally associated with Failures to Investigate. Further implications are discussed.
Keywords: Wrongful Convictions, Exonerations, Latent Class Analysis, False Guilty Pleas
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3312.More information
Many authors have documented the increasing diversification and gentrification in central city neighbourhoods. In the last few decades Montreal’s, Hochelaga-Maisonneuve is among those with the highest rates of gentrification, creating new social dynamics and often generating socio-territorial conflicts. What is the significance of social changes for the population of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve? What role does recent immigration play in the mitigation or development of social conflict? In this paper we present the results of the analysis of 1,420 articles taken from the six principal daily newspapers published in Montreal. In our target neighbourhood, it would appear that a higher socio-economic status of newcomers is more disruptive than their ethno-cultural background because it is associated with a change in the way people live, shop and interact in public space. The data also reveal disruptive effects on the availability of affordable housing, a feature that means increasing displacement of lower income populations.
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3313.More information
Research Framework: This article is based on a PhD research in socio-anthropology about the transmission of familial memory among Rwandans living in France. We are interested in the day-to-day kinship of orphans after the genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda. Objectives: The objective of this article is to provide a better understanding of family reconfigurations in post-genocide Rwanda. We will see how the care of orphans has transformed the boundaries of kinship. Methodology: We conducted an ethnographic study based on a non-linear fieldwork from 2014 to 2019. We carried out semi-directive interviews with Rwandans living in France who were less than 20 years old in 1994, as well as with their family members, in France or in Rwanda. This was complemented with the development of kinship trees and with observations made during commemorations. Results: We document here several hosting situations for orphans after the Tutsi genocide: foster care, children's households and orphanages. The Rwandan government pursued family-based policy that aimed at “reunification” or placement in a family. We present configurations of households of care that may or may not involve relatives, or even protect themselves from them . Conclusions: The genocide provoked a crisis of orphans' care that impacted kinship relations, through acts of solidarity or hostility. Households of care and lines of transmission have seen their boundaries redrawn by affective and material exclusion and inclusion of orphans. Contribution: The article allows us to reinscribe kinship relations and everyday kinship in a given socio-economical and historical context, that of post-genocide Rwanda. It sheds light on the family and societal changes that occur in the aftermath of genocide.
Keywords: Orphelin, parenté, génocide, Rwanda, fratrie, prise en charge, famille, Orphan, kinship, genocide, Rwanda, siblings, care, family, Huérfano, parentesco, genocidio, Ruanda, hermandad, cuidado, familia
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3314.More information
François Ozon’s characters frequently struggle with issues of gender identity and sexual orientation; their repressed desires reveal themselves in difficult and sometimes violent power relations. This study examines the transformations of power relations in two of his cinematic adaptations of plays: Water Drops on Burning Rocks (Gouttes d’eau sur pierres brûlantes, 2000), adapted from Drops on Hot Stones (Tropfen auf heisse Steine) by Rainer Werner Fassbinder (written around 1965); and In the House (Dans la maison, 2012), adapted from Juan Mayorga’s The Boy in the Back Row (El chico de la ùltima fila, 2006). Although very distinct in terms of language, style, tone and plot, the two dramatic texts both present twisted relationships between a middle-aged man and a very young one, in which the former dominates—physically or mentally—the latter. In Tropfen auf heisse Steine, Léopold seduces Franz, installs him in his home and torments him until the latter commits suicide. In El chico de la ùltima fila, a high school student, Claude Garcia, meddles in the family of a classmate and uses their lives as the subject of an episodic story that fascinates his teacher, Germain. At the end of the play, Germain strikes Claude in the face and drives him from his life. In adapting these two dramatic works for the cinema, Ozon makes important changes that accentuate these complex relations of domination. By examining key moments in both adaptations, this article will show how In the House works as a counterweight to Water Drops, in which the young man is destroyed by his older lover.
Keywords: adaptation, théâtralité, Fassbinder, adaptation, Mayorga, Fassbinder, theatre, Mayorga, François Ozon, François Ozon
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3315.More information
This article seeks to better understand the dynamics of morphological and socio-economic transformations in former working-class neighborhoods through the case study of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve in Montreal. We are more specifically interested in the influence of public intervention on the development of the real estate market. To achieve our study, we have both compiled a documentary collection on recent urban development projects in the district, and created an unprecedented database on residential typomorphology and land values of a sample of 1,034 units. It turns out that the evolution of the real estate market is multifactorial. On the one hand, the surroundings of certain urban revitalization operations are becoming more attractive to buyers looking for welcoming public places and nearby services. On the other hand, land values increase more in the oldest residences of architectural and heritage interest. We conclude with a discussion about public intervention and its effect on revitalisation and gentrification.
Keywords: marché immobilier, Real estate market, intervention publique, public intervention, architectural typomorphology, typomorphologie architecturale, Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
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3316.More information
Based on year-long fieldwork on activist-educators’ work in South Korea, I reflect on how my research complicates the ontological shift in institutional ethnography: that is, the shift that emphasizes how ruling relations are coordinated through the very actions of people. I discuss two facets of reflective pauses. First, I discuss how the ruling relations of research practice in South Korea render the ontological shift “slippery.” I argue for a need to understand the ontological shift in relation to external contexts of research instead of an individualized approach. Second, I detail the process of a comparative research design looking at activist-educators with differing levels of engagement with the Korean state. I highlight how a transitional void that emerged after democratization prompted different activist strategies. I call for a need to reconsider the connection between activists’ work and institutional ethnography, where investigating activists’ work provides a lens into the ruling relations.
Keywords: Travail de Terrain Qualitatif, Institutional Ethnography, Relations de Pouvoir en Recherche, Citizenship Education, Ontological Shift, Virage Ontologique, Éducation sur la Citoyenneté, Ruling Relations of Research, Ethnographie Institutionnelle, Qualitative Fieldwork
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3317.More information
In Les Loups de Paris, Jules Lermina invites his readers to reflect on the modalities and effects of transgression as a political and social weapon. Fervent socialist and anarchist, Lermina turns the character of Biscarre, a former convict who declares war on the “old society,” into the spokesman for his socio-political ideals, and into the demonstration of the failure of the transgressive promise, which aims at ending inequalities that plagued the nineteenth-century French society. While the criminal spaces ruled by Biscarre and his pack are presented as mythical, announcing the possibility of a beneficial transgression, the convict himself does not resist the temptation of tyranny and therefore ruins the utopia he is actively promoting. Thus, the criminal transgression, now turned into a dystopia, is presented as a parody that recalls a bad vaudeville.
Keywords: bagnard, convict, dystopie, dystopia, transgression, transgression, Les Loups de Paris, Les Loups de Paris, Jules Lermina, Jules Lermina
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3319.More information
This paper presents a feminist analysis of the manifold and intertwined discriminations faced by asylumseeking women in a European “borderland”—specifically, Greece. It explores how these discriminations operate across law, policy, practice, and discourse, while highlighting the dynamic interplay of intersectional discriminations with citizenship rights and practices. Data were collected through 35 interviews with asylumseeking women. The analysis shows that (a) intersectional discriminations occur at both macro- and microlevels, reproducing and consolidating the women’s “lessened” citizenship, while (b) “lessened” citizenship reinforces their precarious status and leaves them vulnerable to multiform, multi-sited gender-based violence.
Keywords: lessened citizenship, intersectional discriminations, gender-based violence, asylum-seeking women, Greece, Europe
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