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173.More information
AbstractOne often hears the opinion voiced that Bradley was an early critique of psychologism. In this paper, I investigate that claim, focussing on his Principles of Logic (1883). I define psychologism in the narrow sense as a thesis pertaining to the foundations of logic, and psychologism in the wide sense as a more general thesis concerning the theory of knowledge, and show that Bradley rejected both, although he had little to say on the narrow version. His criticism of the wider version is based on his distinguishing between psychological and logical content and on his defence of the ideality of logical content, before Frege and Husserl. Nevertheless, he still hung to the idea that the latter harks back to ordinary perception. I then review briefly his criticisms of associationism in psychology, to show that he faced some difficulties in trying to avoid lapsing back into psychologism, with an appeal to a distinction between abstract and concrete universals. I conclude with some remarks on the palace of Bradley in the history of British psychology.
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174.More information
ABSTRACT Popper graduated under Bühler's direction in 1928. It's not part of the common view to say that Popper was strongly influenced, not only by Bühler's theory of language, but also by his psychology. The second chapter of Die beiden Grundprobleme der Erkenntnis shows clearly that one of the fundamental starting points for Popper's theory of mind was Karl Bühler. According to Popper, an “inductive prejudice” is contained in Carnap's epistemology : to restore a neutral point of view and to adopt an epistemology independent of psychology, it is necessary to show that, within the psychology, the deductivism is also possible, or thinkable. Popper provides some clear examples of deductive psychology and cites Kant's outlook, Johannes Mueller, the Wuerzburg's school (particularly by Bühler and Otto Selz) and Ernst Mach. The choice of such examples is very important for the understanding of the nature of Popper's training. It is significant, in particular, the absence of the Gestaltpsychology or of its exponents, such as Wertheimer, Koehler, Koffka etc. In fact, Bühler was in sharp contrast with the Gestaltpsychology of Wertheimer's school and between the Bühler's Vienna Institute and the Berlin Gestalt -psychologists there was a real rivalry. Popper — who by the standard view is simplistically considered “a gestaltist psychologist” — adopted completely the Bühler's point of view.
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175.More information
If certain risk factors are known to increase suicidal behaviors, the question is to determine the differential weight of these various risk factors, on which individuals, in which context and in what period of their lives? We have put to test a model that explains different life trajectories leading to suicide. This research allows to surpass a correlation model of identification of risk factors and to target four distinct sub-groups of individuals for whom the developmental history seems quite different. It is clear that suicide is a complex, multidimensional and multilevel issue. Being at the crossroads of many scientific disciplines, psychology may help integrate and connect knowledge with other disciplines in order to clarify the contexts that affect suicidal individuals differently. This knowledge may help in identifying specific prevention interventions that could modify this chain of events leading ultimately to suicide.
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Quebec's population is aging, a situation that will only increase over the next decades. While in 2017 approximately 1 in 5 people belonged to the 65 and over the age group, this will be the case for a quarter of Quebecers in 2031, and almost a third of them by 2061.The trajectories of aging are unique and depend on various factors, such as the vulnerabilities and strengths of the individual and his interaction with his loved ones and society.Old age is often accompanied by a series of losses. This creates constraints that hamper autonomy. Disease can be very confronting for the aging individual with reduced capacities and become a reminder of an inevitable death approaching. It can sometimes become a certain form of trauma. This process challenges caregivers to think about a therapeutic projects promoting resilience, a concept that goes beyond adjustment, and that suggests potential for development and psychological rebound.At Albert-Prévost Mental Health Hospital, geriatric psychiatry patients often have a triple vulnerability: cognitive impairment, physical disability and chronic or de novo psychiatric illness. Their needs are therefore multiple and complex.This is how, in 2017, we developed a positive psychiatry approach in our geriatric psychiatry service. Our goal is to promote the well-being and resilience of our patients through different levels of positive intervention. The strategies can then range from simple positive orientation during the psychiatric interview to positive psychotherapy, including psychoeducation, bibliotherapy and the prescription of certain positive psychology intervention.
Keywords: psychiatrie positive, psychologie positive, résilience, gérontopsychiatrie, positive psychiatry, positive psychology, resilience, geriatric psychiatry