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The objective of this article is to offer a cross-sectional analysis of the use of the concept of participation among the researchers of the PÉRISCOPE network (Plateforme Échange, Recherche et Intervention sur la SCOlarité : Persévérance et réussitE), which refer to the theory of activity (Engeström, 1987; Vygotsky, 1978). The study focuses on the activity of agents in a given context (class, school, community, etc.) based on the scientific literature available in the Research Network database between 2015 and 2019. To identify the uses and understanding of the concept of participation by researchers, a lexicometric analysis is proposed, based on linguistics and historiographic currents, such as the history of ideas, the history of concepts and discourse analysis. It emerges that the notion of student engagement was very important in this corpus, which tends to reinforce the interpretation that engagement occupies a very important place in the notion of participation. Also, the scientific activities of the PERISCOPE network have generated renewed scientific interest in certain themes such as participation, dropping out of school, school perseverance and school results. It also appears that adolescents are particularly targeted in studies on participation. Finally, the actions associated with students nuance and detail the researchers' understanding of participation in school settings. The analysis of linguistic and conceptual associations present in the scientific literature of this corpus provides keys to understanding how the concept of participation is understood.

Keywords: participation, participation, lexicometry, lexicométrie, activity theory, théorie de l’activité, élèves, students, engagement, engagement

This article attempts to understand the way French primary and secondary pupils react to educational verdicts using a quantitative approach to a questionnaire administered to secondary-school pupils. This analysis endeavours to distinguish the effects of two distinct assessment practices: competency-based assessment and grading. The competency-based assessment most frequently used in primary school helps to alleviate pupils’ sense of discouragement, but as is the case for grades, cannot completely rid them of a certain fear of failure. Finally, our study shows that pupils in the study work first and foremost with the objective of obtaining good grades as well as favorable professional prospects.

Keywords: experience, assessment, subjectivity, secondary students, primary students, expérience, évaluation, subjectivité, collégiens, écoliers

This paper discusses how an understanding of Jung's psychological types is important for the relevance of Gilbert's multi-modal argumentation theory. Moreover, it highlights how the types have been confirmed by contemporary neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Based on Gilbert's approach, I extend multi-modal argumentation to the area of legal argumentation. It seems that when we leave behind the traditional fortress of “logical” legal argumentation, we "discover" alternate modes (such as the intuitive, emotional, and sensory) that have always been present, concealed in the theoretically underestimated rhetorical skills of arguers.

Despite data increasingly being used to advance equity in education, students with and seeking refugee protection (SWSRP) are largely invisible in education data. To equitably include SWSRP in national education systems as envisioned by global refugee education policy, data on their needs are required. The purpose of this study was to source, organize, and analyze data on the needs of SWSRP in primary and secondary education in Canada. This needs assessment involved the use of experts, a selective review of empirical literature, and a review of publicly available data. Five common areas of need were identified among SWSRP globally and across Canada’s 13 primary and secondary education systems: access to education, accelerated education, language education, mental health and psychosocial support, and special education. Rates of needs varied by a range of student experiences and circumstances. These data can inform efforts to responsively support SWSRP in Canadian education systems.

Keywords: refugee education, inclusion, equity, data, needs, Canada

Worldwide, between 48 and 500 million individuals are affected by suicide every year. In Canada alone, 4,000 individuals die yearly by suicide, meaning that a substantial portion of the population must cope with the traumatic and complex aftermath of suicide. This paper discusses the emergence of suicide bereavement as a public health issue following the decriminalization of attempted suicide in 1972. The role of key structures, including the courts, the constitution, and special interest groups, that have shaped suicide and suicide bereavement policy in Canada are examined. Health outcomes associated with suicide bereavement are reviewed, as well as the need for intervention. Emerging areas of suicide policy where guidance is needed are also discussed, as are the need for upstream, midstream, and downstream approaches to suicide bereavement intervention.

Keywords: Suicide, politique, prévention, Canada, Suicide, policy, prevention, Canada, Suicidio, política, prevención, Canadá

Context Abnormal emotion processing is frequent in schizophrenia and affects social and functional outcome. Past event-related potential (ERP) research investigating processing of affective stimuli in schizophrenia was done mainly with facial expressions and revealed impaired facial emotion recognition in patients relative to control subjects. Experimentations involving fMRI with this group of patients, showed alteration of limbic and frontal regions in response to emotional unpleasant images, compared to neutral stimuli during a memory task. Other studies have also noted an increase in brain activity when the activation of the stimuli was high compared to low arousal stimuli. This may indicate a different sensitivity threshold to emotional arousal and emotional valence involving frontal pathways in these patients. But very few studies attempted to separate the contributions of emotional valence and arousal within an episodic memory protocol with ERP, in that population.Goal The aim of the current research is to investigate brain electro-cortical activity in schizophrenia in response to emotional images during an episodic memory task.Method ERP components were analyzed in 16 schizophrenic and 17 control participants matched for age, sex and intelligence. ERPs were obtained from 56 EEG electrodes. The tasks consisted in a classical episodic memory task that presented 100 repeated old and 100 new photographic images divided into four categories (unpleasant-high arousal, unpleasant-low arousal, pleasant-high arousal and pleasant-low arousal) selected from the International Affective Picture System. The N200, P300 and late positive component (LPC) mean amplitude, were analyzed using repeated-measure analyses of variance (MANOVA).Results Patients with schizophrenia and control subjects gave comparable subjective evaluations of arousal and valence. However, the frontal N200 and the P300 both showed an interaction of the group x memory x valence x hemisphere (F [1.32]=8.36; p <.01). Thus, this complex interaction denotes an increase of the episodic memory effect in the right hemisphere in response to unpleasant stimuli, with schizophrenic patients. With respect to the control group, there is also an increase of this memory effect in the right hemisphere, but in response to pleasant stimuli. The schizophrenic patients presented a smaller LPC memory effect, especially at the frontal region. More specifically, the frontal LPC was reduced, and the clinical group was less reactive to the emotional arousal content, compared to the control group.Discussion Altogether, our results revealed that while the subjective evaluation of emotional pictures is equivalent across groups, cerebral differences are present in schizophrenic patients during emotional recognition. N200 and P300 results in the frontal region suggest impaired selective attention and episodic memory to unpleasant stimuli in patients, while later processes related to conscious recollection (parietal LPC) are not affected with patients affected with schizophrenia.Conclusion This finding provides further support for the notion of a possible discrepancy between the subjective experience and the physiological expression of emotions in schizophrenia patients. Those results could open the door to new clinical research investigations in psychiatry, particularly in the comprehension of a relationship between frontal cortex vulnerability and episodic memory often present in psychosis.

Keywords: mémoire, émotions, potentiels évoqués cognitifs, schizophrénie, ERP, schizophrenia, psychosis, event-related potentials, memory, emotion, valence, arousal

This paper reviews and summarizes the available literature on Haitian mental health and mental health services. This review was conducted in light of the Haitian earthquake in January 2010. We searched Medline, Google Scholar and other available databases to gather scholarly literature relevant to mental health in Haiti. This was supplemented by consultation of key books and grey literature relevant to Haiti. The first part of the review describes historical, economic, sociological and anthropological factors essential to a basic understanding of Haiti and its people. This includes discussion of demography, family structure, Haitian economics and religion. The second part of the review focuses on mental health and mental health services. This includes a review of factors such as basic epidemiology of mental illness, common beliefs about mental illness, explanatory models, idioms of distress, help-seeking behavior, configuration of mental health services and the relationship between religion and mental health.