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This article presents the results of a study aimed at understanding the meaning of the practice of begging by mothers of twins in an urban context. It is based on individual interviews with 30 mothers of twins who are beggars in the city of Ouagadougou. The results reveal that the presentation of twins is a cultural fact for some sociocultural groups who regard twins as exceptional children. The begging of the mothers of twins as observed therefore responds to cultural codes, but urbanization imposes a mutation for the satisfaction of existential needs. This new form of begging reflects one of the alternative strategies implemented by these women to survive and support their families. By providing for their families, they feel useful and identify themselves as hard-working and resilient mothers.

Keywords: Ville, mendicité, mère de jumeaux, identité, revendication, City, begging, mother of twins, identity, claim

AbstractThe birth of a child is a transitional event that creates stress within the family and calls for the implementation of adaptative strategies that gradually allow the stakeholders to readjust both with regard to themselves and to their partner and to create room for the presence of the new being. If the child is sickly, the amount of stress suffered by the parents will be proportionately greater. Research has demonstrated that faced with a problem of child sickness, mother and father do not react in the same way. The intention of the present paper is to report on the current level of knowledge concerning the way fathers and mothers experience their child's health issues and to suggest new directions for research that will allow us to better understand their experience.

AbstractIn recent years, the practice of film interpretation has come under attack by cognitive film theorists. It is said that interpretive claims are not truth-apt and have no cognitive value. This essay contests this claim by calling on the pragmatic and semeiotic philosophy of Charles S. Peirce. The essay is divided into two parts. The first part examines Peirce's pragmatism and the notion that theories are inescapably inferential and interpretive. The author distinguishes between the pragmatic and the scientific methods, examines the role of habit as a way to bridge the gap of mind/matter dualism, and considers Peirce's realism in the context of his critical common-sensism. The second section looks at some leading ideas in film/literary scholarship on interpretation. In particular, the author questions David Bordwell's critique of interpretive criticism and its reliance on skeptical and nominalist principles borrowed from Stanley Fish. It is shown how Bordwell's distinction between comprehension and interpretation in the cinema rests on the role played by sensory perception in the film experience. The distinction is criticized by adopting a form of empirism—that of Peirce—that is not limited by sensualism. Indeed, for Peirce, perception spreads continuously between the external and the inner worlds. A brief commentary on the work of Umberto Eco and the distinction between interpreting and overinterpreting then leads the author to consider the role of vagueness in interpretation and the problems raised by purpose and relevance of interpretation now defined as all that compels the mind of the spectator through direct—or even indirect—contact with a film. This turn opens up the issues of truth, rationality and normativity in interpretation. The paper concludes with the author arguing that film interpretation constitutes a process whereby signs—including aesthetic signs—can grow in rationality.

Environmental intent is a key concept to examine pro-environmental behaviors. However, in the field of nascent entrepreneurship, few studies examine the environmental entrepreneurial intention of project leaders. To fill this gap, we pay particular attention to the determinants of the environmental entrepreneurial intention of nascent entrepreneurs in France with a view to reduce the impact of their activities on nature.Mobilizing the theory of planned behavior, our empirical investigations with 433 French nascent entrepreneurs show the relevance and predictive robustness of this theory in the study of the environmental entrepreneurial intention of nascent entrepreneurs. We thus contribute to a better understanding of the process of formation of this intention, more particularly in the field of entrepreneurship.In terms of managerial benefits, this research presents contributions aimed to enhance the support of nascent entrepreneurs wishing to integrate environmental practices into the setting up of their entrepreneurial project. Based on the effects of perceived environmental behavioral control and environmental trainings, two areas of progress have been identified around environmental awareness/training and the design of entrepreneurial projects.

Keywords: Accompagnement entrepreneurial, Entrepreneuriat environnemental, Entrepreneuriat naissant, Intention entrepreneuriale environnementale, Théorie du comportement planifié, Entrepreneurial support, Environmental entrepreneurial intention, Environmental entrepreneurship, Nascent entrepreneurship, Theory of planned behavior, Apoyo empresarial, Intención emprendedora ambiental, Emprendimiento ambiental, Emprendimiento naciente, Teoría del comportamiento planificado

The literature on resource orchestration provides a process-based and complexity perspective for understanding the growth of the VSE with support. However, few studies have focused on the representations of entrepreneurial actors about the managerial and entrepreneurial actions which explain growth. Yet, finer knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the orchestration of resources would be useful to actors and entrepreneurial support professionals facing this challenge. To that end, this article proposes the use of critical realism which purpose is to develop a research design based on the Group Concept Mapping (GCM) as a bottom-up mixed methodological framework. The GCM method is used to produce intercase research representations to examine the conceptual representations shared by entrepreneurial actors owners of VSEs at the growth phase and evolving in distinct support systems ; one in Quebec (NQC = 25) and the other in France (NFR = 15). The intercase results presented in this article contribute in two ways to the theoretical concepts underpinning resource orchestration. First, four self-reinforcing growth-generating mechanisms are identified in line with the antecedents of growth. Second, conjectures formulated by retroduction to the theoretical notions contribute to an articulation of the resource orchestration framework for the VSE with support.

Keywords: Croissance des jeunes TPE, Orchestration des ressources, Réalisme critique, Cartographie des concepts en groupe, Enterprise growth, Entrepreneurial development, Resource orchestration, Critical realism, Group concept mapping, Crecimiento de empresas, Desarrollo emprendedor, Orquestación de recursos, Mapas conceptuales de grupo

AbstractIn this article originally published in 1934, Gerhard Krüger presents us with a concise version of his general interpretation of Kant's philosophy. Three years earlier, he had proposed an extended version of this interpretation in a book entitled Philosophie und Moral in der kantischen Kritik. While reflecting on the connection between critique and metaphysics in the Kantian system, Gerhard Krüger intends to uncover the existential or moral intention which, he claims, is the true foundation of the Kantian philosophical project. In this perspective, his interpretation of Kant is both dependent on, and critical of, the one set forth by his teacher Martin Heidegger.

Keywords: technologies numériques, Référentiel de compétences, direction d’établissement d’enseignement, analyse documentaire, analyse sémantique, analyse structurale

Change is the modus operandi of contemporary organizations. In many organizations, they are constant, rapid and overlapping, creating a saturation of change. In such a context, change management becomes particularly complex. One of the main difficulties is related to the recipients, who may have difficulty coping with the changes. It becomes essential for managers to understand how recipients adapt to change in order to be more successful. Improving the recipients’ capacity to change (RCC) could be a key to change management. However, RCC can refer to different realities, so its dimensions and the levers that can promote it remain unclear. The objective of this study is to clarify the RCC and to identify the levers used to promote it. Thus, a systematic review of the literature on RCC was conducted in the following databases: ABI/INFORM, APA PsycInfo and Business Source Complete. The 69 articles selected were used to generate a conceptual map clarifying three dimensions of change capacity: openness to change (OC), commitment to change (CC) and behavioural support for change (BSC). These would represent a continuum of the recipient’s evolving positive responses to change. Three levers used to promote them (information and communication, support, and participation) were also identified. The preferred levers would evolve along the RCC continuum.

Keywords: Capacité à changer, adaptation au changement, réactions du destinataire, revue systématique de la littérature