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SummaryThis article, which is the result of ongoing ergonomic research, aims to shed light on the activity of design workers in the French automotive industry through the organisational uses of digital technologies. These technologies have been integrated into the activity of these workers for several decades and aim to organise the collective activity deployed throughout a design project within distributed and virtual teams. At the same time, this industrial sector is subject to multiple constraints of an economic and ecological nature, leading it to make its organisational methods more flexible in order to innovate while shortening its design times. This context of digitalisation and organisational transformation questions the individual and collective activity of synchronisation of these populations, particularly with regard to the resources and means at their disposal to preserve their room for manoeuvre and regulation strategies. Thus, two case studies were constituted through the analysis of two automotive design projects taking place in different circumstances. Indeed, one of the two projects took place during the Covid-19 health crisis, leading us to adapt our data collection methods but also to reconsider the digitalisation of this design activity, in which interactions between workers could only take place through the use of digital technologies. Thus, these two case studies address the links between the flexibilisation of individuals and organisations, on the one hand, and regulation strategies on the other, through the use of digital technologies. The results of these case studies show that the use of digital technologies, as a resource or constraint for the activity, is linked to the characteristics of the organisation in which they are deployed at two levels; these forms of organisation in projects create specific uses of these technologies and could not exist as they are without them.

Keywords: Organisation en projets, flexibilisation, travail collectif, équipes distribuées et virtuelles

SummaryIn activities to help the elderly, digital tools are more and more present in nursing homes and home care services. Most structures are equipped with computers or even tablets, and home workers increasingly have smartphones. These tools have two main functions: the transfer of information and the capture of information. The objective of this article is to understand how the introduction of new digital tools can modify work relations and service relations.This contribution is based on a qualitative survey conducted, as part of a research program funded by the Ministry of Labor, and carried out in France. 41 interviews were conducted in 6 nursing homes, an aftercare and rehabilitation establishment and a home help service with employees and managers.The employees interviewed identify positive aspects related to the introduction of digital tools in particular for the improvement of working conditions highlighting the time savings brought by these tools, but also the quality of the service provided. However, many risks are also highlighted, which underlines the importance of the context in which these tools are introduced. Indeed, the sector is today characterized by a progressive deterioration of working conditions. It is then a question of understanding the role of the tools in this context, and of identifying the conditions to be met so that the tool uses can develop in the service of the quality of work and service for the elderly.

Keywords: Outils numériques, EHPAD, SAAD, conditions de travail, qualité du service

How do older women grieve a same-sex partner? To better understand this scarcely documented experience, the authors led a qualitative research project during which they conducted 18 interviews with 10 women over the age of 65 from the Greater Montreal area, in Canada, who had faced this loss. The authors look at the ways in which their participants define their community, how these ties change over time and their impact on the experience of grief. They present their participants' perceptions of existing resources as well as their hopes for the future.

Keywords: effet d'exclusion, femmes âgées, intersectionnalité, orientation sexuelle, mort, vieillissement

AbstractWhat's in a Name ?The Social Construction of Riskfor AIDS in the Moral Imaginationof IV Drug Users in HarlemThis essay profiles the life stories of five individuals from Harlem in New York City, an impoverished community with high levels of drug use and HIV seroprevalence. AU are intravenous drug users, and each profile is concerned with documenting the way in which risk for HIV infection is perceived relative to other kinds of dangers, as well as the way it is managed relative to other kinds of needs. The paper explores the significance of thèse correspondences, locales thèse ideas within the larger social fabric of the community, particularly as they relate to poverty, and explores the implications of thèse correspondences for AIDS intervention.

In both Canada and the United States, the relationship between Church and State has caused problems which have had to be resolved by the courts on a case by case basis. In Canada, much more than in the United States, there have also been problems over the language question which also have had to be resolved by the courts. Indeed, in Canada the language issue can be considered to be the counterpart of the black versus white problem of the United States. In both Canada and the United States, the question is the protection of the rights of the minority, but the constitutional provisions of each that relate to these rights have a different approach. In Canada they take the form of permissions which are found in Sections 93 and 133 of the British North America Act. In the United States they are in the form of prohibitions found in the First and the Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States. In Canada, the effect of the Constitutional provisions vary from Province to Province, depending on what the situation was in a Province at the time it became apart of the Dominion. In the United States, the Constitutional prohibitions apply to all of the States in the same manner. But whatever the nature of the Constitutional provision, in both countries there has not been a lack of cases. Moreover, in both countries a quick, easy solution to the problems presented will probably never be found. Meanwhile, about all that the courts of either country can do is to continue the case by case approach so that it will present a reasonably consistent pattern as new problems develop and passions erupt.

This paper addresses the treatment of anglicisms in six normative language chronicles published between 1884 and 2018. One hundred comments were analyzed for each chronicle, for a total of 600. We examined the following aspects: how many anglicisms are commented compared to all addressed topics? Are certain types of anglicisms more frequently mentioned than others? Is the normative judgement on anglicisms negative, positive or neutral? Which arguments are used to criticize an anglicism? We reached the conclusion that anglicisms remain a normative preoccupation for contemporary chronicles, the two most recent ones addressing them more than their predecessors.

Keywords: anglicismes, chroniques de langue, étude diachronique, anglicisms, language columns, diachronic study

Mexico has become a crucial crossing point for migratory flows of Central American migrants who use it as a way to enter the United States. Integrating contributions from social psychology and sociology, we focus on a sector of this population that is in a situation of extreme vulnerability. We carried out ten in-depth interviews with migrants who had to deal with grief as a result of the loss of a loved one within the close family circle while in transit through Mexico. After analyzing their coping strategies for mourning and the importance of social support networks, we observe that there is an association between migrants' social capital and their capacity for resilience. Our study offers empirical evidence that can serve as a basis for further research related to issues of death and migration.

Keywords: Immigration irrégulière, mort, deuil, réseaux, Mexique, Irregular migration, death, mourning, networks, Mexico

In early childhood education, a growing number of researchers suggest that emphasis should be placed on developing oral story comprehension skills to support the emerging writing skills of young children. This article presents some of the results of an action research aimed at supporting the oral and written language development of 5-year-old kindergarten children in a multi-ethnic, multilingual environment. Within this framework, an intervention was implemented in ten kindergarten classes. It pursued the objective of developing oral comprehension through a type of interactive reading in which children build meaning through the mobilization of oral discursive behaviour, such as forming hypotheses and justifying and validating them. To measure the effect of interactive reading on the development of these behaviours, a semi-experimental device with pre-test and post-test was used. Our results show that students in the experimental group made significantly greater gains than those in the control group in terms of formulating and justifying hypotheses, suggesting that the activity had a positive effect on both types of behaviour.

Keywords: éducation préscolaire, conduites discursives orales, lecture indiciaire, milieu pluriethnique et plurilingue