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AbstractThis article is on the influence of family on delinquency across gender. Three questions are investigated: does the exposure to family risk factors vary as a function of gender?, do the nature and strength of association between those factors and violent behaviours vary across gender?, and which factors best explain males' and females' violent behaviours? A sample of adjudicated adolescent males (n = 506) and females (n = 150) as well as a school-based sample of males (n = 204) and females (n = 198) of Montreal were compared. Analyses show that adjudicated females, even if they are more supervised, present a more problematic familial situation as compared to their male counterparts. For the school-based sample, the familial situation is very similar. Multivariate analyses confirm that supervision of both males and females is an important protection against violent behaviours in both samples. Nevertheless, weak ties seem to have a greater importance for boys' delinquency in both sample, and parental deviance seems to be more relevant for adjudicated girls' delinquency. The same proximal concepts should be use to explain violent behaviours of males and females, but research should investigated more seriously distant concepts. The interventions should focus on improving disciplinary practices and establishing stronger family ties.

Keywords: famille, comportements violents, différences sexuelles, jeunes judiciarisés, facteurs de risque, régressions, family, violent behaviours, gender gap, adjudicated youths, risk factors, regression

AbstractResorting to Youth Court in order to impose youth protection services on a family is one of the most important and consequential decisions that child protection workers must take. This study sought to determine the factors associated with this decision in cases where the security and development of a child are considered endangered. The sample used in the analyses comprised 2264 children for whom the events reported were considered substantiated and whose security and development were considered endangered. The variables investigated concern characteristics of the child, the parents, the family, the maltreatment suffered, and the services received. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis show that parental cooperation, chronicity of situations (prior use of youth protection services in past five years and duration of maltreatment/behavioural problems), child's vulnerability (young age and number of service needs), severity of situations (abandonment of child, presence of emergency measures and criminal charges), and certain familial risk factors (social welfare and frequent changes of residence) proved strongly associated with the decision to recommend recourse to Youth Court.

Keywords: tribunal de la jeunesse, protection de la jeunesse, prise de décisions, mauvais traitements envers les enfants, troubles de comportement sérieux, Youth Court, Youth Protection, Decision Taking, Child Abuse and Neglect, Behaviour Problems

AbstractThis paper deals with an evaluation of the attitudes and practices of Quebecers aged between 18 and 29 with regard to credit and the nature and level of their debt burden. Survey results indicate that their use of credit instruments is fairly high, but their knowledge of how they function is slender. They have diverse attitudes to credit and indebtedness, and a majority of them lay claim to socially positive practices. Over 75% of those surveyed have at least one debt, most usually their student loan, followed by the unpaid balance of a credit card. This study confirms that the use of credit and the number of young people with debts have increased considerably over the past ten years.

This exploratory qualitative research, based on interviews with 15 incarcerated mothers, deals with incarcerated mothers' perceptions of the effect of their detention on the mother-child relationship. It also documents the perceived consequences of the incarceration and the children's reaction to their mother's detention. Analysis showed that a number of conditions – particularly instability and domestic violence, substance use, and restrictions regarding children's custody – were often present before the incarceration and already influencing the relationship between mother and child. But for those we interviewed, incarceration was an additional element that complicated an already difficult relationship between mother and child. Those interviewed provided thorough descriptions of children's reactions to their mother's incarceration and its consequences. Interviewees blamed their mothers for their own deviant choices but, while recognizing that they had placed their children at risk, also saw themselves as being part of the solution for the delinquency and substance-use problems their children might develop. They felt they would be able to break the cycle.

Keywords: Femmes judiciarisées, incarcération, relation mère-enfants, méthode qualitative, transmission intergénérationnelle, Criminalized women, incarceration, mother-child relationship, qualitative methods, intergenerational transmission, Mujeres judicializadas, encarcelamiento, relación madre-hijos, método cualitativo, transmisión intergeneracional

This article discusses the process of restructuring experience during the first year of teaching in elementary school. Inspired by interactionism, the study espouses a theory of experiential learning and adapts the principles of continuity and transaction to the field of teaching. The methodology relies on mentoring to serve both development support and research in accordance with a collaborative approach. The results of a grounded theory analysis are illustrated starting from an «experiential frame» rebuilt with one of the participants transacting the experience through three transactional ways of understanding. An examination of this restructuration process suggests a dual identity development where both an operative and a unified self come into play.

Keywords: Apprentissage expérientiel, insertion professionnelle, restructuration, interactionnisme symbolique, disposition, mentorat, experiential learning, teacher induction, restructuration, symbolic interactionism, disposition, mentoring

AbstractScores of well-known artists have been publicly active in Quebec politics since the Quiet Revolution. However, there is surprisingly little empirical data on the political participation of the artistic community as a whole. An extensive survey questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 470 Francophone artists in Quebec from every major creative and interpretive discipline. The survey's results confirm an exceptional level of politicization : artists in Quebec attempt to influence their friends' voting habits, they contribute more often to political parties than the rest of the population, and they are more likely to attend a rally or to do work for a political party. The data reveal a high degree of nationalist mobilization, regardless of social status, and notwithstanding government or peer pressure, the promise of personal gain, and ethnic resentment. In reality, the political zeal of artists is best explained by the perceived economic, linguistic, and cultural advantages of sovereignty.

AbstractThis paper aims to describe an aspect of narrativity that has been largely ignored in the “classical” French narratology during the structuralist period. It focuses on the bond between passion and narration and shows that the passive dimension of both narrated action and the narration itself (in its dialogical form) is essential for the definition of what a story is. The cognitive aspect of interpretation shouldn't be discussed apart from the affects (tension, suspense, curiosity, surprise, fear and pity), which illustrate the passive dimension of the actualization of the plot, uncovering the uncertainty of the process of anticipation of the story. In exploring this aspect of narratives, the comprehension of their anthropological function can be revaluated and deepened, and the general conception of “plot” discussed after its resurgence in the narratological theories under the influence of Paul Ricoeur's works.

This article aims to recover the thorny question of « antimodernism » in contemporary political philosophy. For this purpose, we propose to explain French philosopher Alain Renaut's critique of one of the greatest pioneers of the contemporary recovery of political philosophy—Leo Strauss—and to expose a possible reply to this critique, aiming thus at the reconstitution of a dialogue that could not really have taken place. We try to show that, ultimately, Renaut's critique is to a great extent unfair and then, that Strauss's « antimodernist » stance is not as « untenable » as it is believed to be.

Keywords: Alain Renaut, Leo Strauss, modernité, philosophie politique, historicisme, herméneutique, Alain Renaut, Leo Strauss, modernity, political philosophy, historicism, hermeneutics

Based on the assessment of an “event mania” in the field of culture, this research theorizes the Territorial Portfolio of Cultural Events (TPCE). This involves adapting traditional models of strategic analysis to provide public managers a tool for steering the territorial supply of cultural events. On the basis of a single and embedded case study at the scale of a community council, the results show that 1) the process of cultural events' selection should be considered in a functional approach and 2) strategic management is characterized by a contingent multi-level and multi-stakeholders governance, involving territorial incentive leadership.

Keywords: Management territorial, Portefeuille territorial, Evènements culturels, Approche fonctionnelle, Gouvernance territoriale, Territorial Management, Territorial Portfolio, Cultural Events, Functional Approach, Territorial Governance, Gestión Territorial, Portafolio Territorial, Eventos Culturales, Enfoque Funcional, Gobierno Territorial

AbstractFrom the study of a knowledge management project developed in a consultancy firm, we sought to understand the approach and the used technological device. Given the results, we seek to understand the reasons of the failure of the project. The first part of the article presents the case study. In the second part, we build on theoretical discourses to elucidate the reasons for this failure and to remind the main prerequisites to develop an efficient knowledge management.

Keywords: connaissance, information, gestion des connaissances, technologies de l'information, engagement du personnel, connaissance tacite, knowledge, information, knowledge management, information technology, employee commitment, tacit knowledge, del conocimiento, la información, gestión del conocimiento, informtion tecnología, compromiso de los empleados, el conocimiento tácito