Search Results

Procrastination is particularly prevalent in the post-secondary student population, with prevalence rates ranging between 70–95%. Students have consistently cited motivation, or a lack thereof, as one of the main sources of their procrastination. One of the most prominent theories explaining motivation is self-determination theory (SDT). Despite the direct links between motivation and procrastination, procrastination has been scarcely examined through the lens of SDT. The current study examined the relationship between basic psychological need (BPN), satisfaction and frustration, academic motivation, and academic procrastination. A sample of 617 undergraduate students completed an online questionnaire about their university experience. Data were analyzed using mediational structural equation models. Results suggested that academic motivation significantly mediated the relationship between BPN satisfaction and procrastination, but not the relationship between BPN frustration and procrastination. These results demonstrate the importance of satisfying the BPN of undergraduate students, as it may increase their academic motivation and, subsequently, reduce their procrastination.

Keywords: motivation scolaire, academic motivation, procrastination scolaire, academic procrastination, théorie de l’autodétermination, self-determination theory, undergraduate mental health, santé mentale des étudiants de premier cycle

Best known for her 2016 suspense novel, Chanson douce, Leïla Slimani first attracted attention for her novel about a female sex addict, Dans le jardin de l’ogre. Having realized that women never figure in media accounts of sexual addiction, she immersed herself in Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, François Mauriac’s Thérèse Desqueyroux, Joseph Kessel’s Belle de jour, and Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary. Reviewers of Dans le jardin de l’ogre often mention the latter in passing, and Slimani herself has identified Emma as one of her favorite heroines, but thus far there has been only one scholarly study that deals with specific connections between the two novels. While they seem unlikely bedfellows on the surface—Flaubert’s text is a traditional nineteenth-century roman de formation that unfolds in linear fashion, while Slimani’s is decidedly modern in subject and in its slippage back and forth in time—a close reading reveals numerous uncanny similarities in narrative technique, characterization, themes, and motifs. It is hard to imagine a more promising pairing to test Julia Kristeva’s theory that “tout texte se construit comme mosaïque de citations, tout texte est absorption et transformation d’un autre texte” (85). This study shows that Dans le jardin de l’ogre is one of those mosaics that has “absorbed” many of Madame Bovary’s salient features and “transformed” them into something quite modern and distinctive.

This study explores how teenage Syrian refugees use their social networks to cope with stressors. Through interviews with nine youth aged 16 to 18 living in Ontario, Canada, stressors related to pre- and post-migration emerged. Family, peers, school staff, and organizations were identified as social networks, each having unique reasons why they were selected. Coping was categorized as individualistic or collectivistic. Teenage Syrian refugees draw upon social resources to navigate situations they are faced with, and cultural values influence the stress and coping process. Findings have implications for mental health care providers and policy-makers focused on migrant resettlement.

Keywords: refugiés, refugee, jeunesse, youth, adaption, coping

Our article deals with intensities and fragilization of work collectives, and offers a synthesis of the literature regarding work and its intensities, particularly within the air travel sector. Analyzing commercial airline crews, the article uses the demands-resources and capacitating organization theories to analyze the perceptions of these workers as concerns physical, psychosocial and organizational demands of work, as well as the resources of same nature, in the context of a reduction of personnel authorized by the Transportation Department for many Canadian carriers in July 2015. We pay particular attention to the work demands which constitute a constraint, something which is rarely considered in research on intensification of work. With the resource-caravan and capacitating organization concepts we seek to determine whether airline crews (stewards and directors) have the means to ensure their collective mission of security and service to the public. We conducted 41 semi-directed interviews with stewards and pursers or flight directors from two Canadian airlines. We conducted an inductive research based on qualitative content analysis to obtain the main themes and analyze the physical, psychosocial and organizational demands and resources for work. Our results illustrate in an original way how an important increase in constraining work intensities disrupts the work collective, particularly the pivotal role of the flight director, thus contributing to emerging research on fragilization of work processes. Many aspects would need to be changed in order to qualify airlines as capacitating organizations.

Keywords: personnel navigant, intensification du travail, demandes-ressources du travail, organisation capacitante, fragilisation, sécurité aérienne, gestion des ressources humaines, cabin crew, intensification of work, demands-resources, work, capacitating organization, fragilization, airline safety, human resource management

AbstractIn the Subjunctive ModeThe Narrative Construction of Seizures in TurkeyThis paper provides a cultural analysis of seizures in Turkey, based on individual and family interviews with a community sample of persons diagnosed as suffering epilepsy or psy-chogenic seizures. It outlines a brief critique of analytic stratégies that juxtapose cultural « beliefs » to médical « knowledge » of a biological condition, and develops an alternative understanding of the narrative construction of illness and ils expérience. In particular, it draws on récent theories of narrativity and reader response (Iser, Ricoeur, Bruner) to analyze the « subjunctivizing tactics » présent in illness narratives.

Frequently in the past, attempts have been made to systematize the notion of judicial review of administrative action. Thus, the Donoughmore Commission proposed the judicial, quasi-judicial, purely administrative model of analysis. The Commission was severely criticized, especially after the implementation of certain recommendations of the Franks Report which, in improving the quality of the control exercised on administrative tribunals, underscored the ridiculous character of that existing in other fields. The most violent criticisms came certainly from Griffith and Street, and also from Professor Wade who denounced the progressive atrophy of natural justice, the latter being the main topic of the present article. That concept, distinguished from "procedural ultra vires" in that a judge may look beyond the law for rules he himself has set establishing certain procedural guarantees, goes back a long way in time. Nevertheless, it is not a panacea. Its scope is limited to the study of the means whereby a decision is reached; it does not examine the conclusion, but rather how that conclusion is determinded. The usefulness of the notion was diminished when a condition of its application, the duty to act judicially, was added. Ridge v. Baldwin put the pieces of the puzzle back into place by discarding the decisions which gave the concept a much too restrictive interpretation. These first steps of the fairness concept were rapidly followed in matters concerning the allocation of licences. Judicial intervention here dates back to the last century. Yet, the Nakkuda Ali and Parker decisions restrained the spread of control through an erroneous interpretation of an opinion by Lord Atkin. Both decisions were overturned by the Ridge case. Later on, it seems that Lord Denning took the lead in a movement aimed at extending the scope of the duty to act fairly. That principle received its modem da consecration in the Crockford's decision and was used later in other decisions of a like nature. The late professor de Smith remarked this new tendency to go beyond the words to see, in the matter at issue, what is fair and what is not. Domestic tribunals, not in union matters alone (Breen) but also in sports problems (Machin), have also had this obligation to act fairly imposed on them, even though, strictly speaking, they do not have judicial powers. The question is rather to know whether a legitimate expectation of the person involved in the decision is brought into play, although the extend of the obligation varies depending on the circumstances of the case. It would appear that there is continued refusal to intervene in matters of labour contracts when faced with a purely master and servant relation (Sylva). But now the complete absence of statutory guarantees is required (Malloch). Procedural guarantees have continued to evolve since then. More and more, in different areas, thanks to the initiative of judges like Lord Denning, a system of English administrative law has developed. The principle of the existence of more or less defined minimal procedural guarantees has been established, no matter whether the administrative act implies the exercise of judicial power or not. Yet, British courts still refuse to intervene in legislative functions, including regulations issuing from statutory committees, even should the legislative instrument result from false representations. Control over immigration matters has become increasingly tightened, even though, at one time, there was an apparent desire to sanctify the absolute character of the discretion exercised in that field. The widening ofthat control came about as much from legislative changes as from judicial decisions. Thus it is that in the Re H.K. decision, there was established the duty to act fairly on the part of an immigration officer who might wish to turn a person back at the border whom he considers to be inadmissible. Soon (if it has not already happened) Britons will also benefit from procedural guarantees in matters of land planning. A recent decision made use of the fairness concept in that field. English courts have undertaken to sanctify fundamental procedural guarantees. The name, the scope and the extent of these rules has varied and continues to vary. It would seem, however, that there is a desire to leave the categorization of the act of administration to one side in favour of dealing with the consequences of an act for the individual. If a decision touches an interest, an vested right, or a legitimate expectation, the citizen is entitled to have certain minimal procedural guarantees respected, which may vary according to the circumstances, but which always involve the determination of what is fair in the particular instance. It is a necessary adaptation to the new reality of administration, something we hope to see come about in the very near future in Canada.

Context: In most jurisdictions where medical-aid-in-dying (MAiD) is available, this option is reserved for individuals suffering from incurable physical conditions. Currently, in Canada, people who have a mental illness are legally excluded from accessing MAiD. Methods: We developed a questionnaire for mental health care providers to better understand their perspectives related to ethical issues in relation to MAiD in the context of severe and persistent suffering caused by mental illness. We used a mixed-methods survey approach, using a concurrent embedded model with both closed and open-ended questions. Findings: 477 healthcare providers from the province of Québec (Canada) completed the questionnaire. One third of the sample (34.4%) were nurses, one quarter psychologists (24.3%) and one quarter psycho-educators (24%). Nearly half of the respondents (48.4%) considered that people with a severe mental illness should be granted the right to opt for MAiD as a way to end their suffering. Respondents were more likely to feel comfortable listening to the person and participating in discussions related to MAiD for a mental illness than offering care or the means for the person to access MAiD. Most (86.2%) reported that they had not received adequate/sufficient training, education or preparation in order to address ethical questions surrounding MAiD. Conclusions: The findings highlight how extending MAiD to people with a mental illness would affect daily practices for mental healthcare providers who work directly with people who may request MAiD. The survey results also reinforce the need for adequate training and professional education in this complex area of care.

Keywords: assisted suicide, medical-aid-in-dying, surveys and questionnaire, mental health, healthcare providers, ethics, suicide assisté, aide médicale à mourir, enquêtes et questionnaire, santé mentale, prestataires de soins de santé, éthique

The choice of voluntary childlessness, which is part of the Childfree by Choice movement, one of the elements of the Second Demographic Transition, is today being discussed in online forums. Following an exploratory and descriptive content analysis of an international discussion forum dedicated to non-parents by choice, four categories of motivations could be identified : a simple lack of desire for children, a questioning of the roles and constraints imposed by a child, a negative perception of children and « altruistic reasons », linked to environmental deterioration and overpopulation. Issues associated with transmission (hereditary diseases, offspring qualities, gene transmission, family name, inheritance, etc.) are also raised, demonstrating the importance of some of these concerns among the advocates of voluntary childlessness. This study validates the conclusions of the sociopsychological research carried out on this population and broadens the analysis by taking into account the debates surrounding the transmission issues, a topic under-explored in the context of voluntary childlessness.

Keywords: De Pierrepont, Lévy, infécondité volontaire, forum de discussion, motivations, transmission, enfant, De Pierrepont, Lévy, Voluntary Childlessness, Online Discussion Forum, Motivations, Transmission, Children, De Pierrepont, Lévy, infecundidad voluntaria, foro de discusión, motivaciones, transmisión, hijos

No definition of “jurist” can be found in the usual legal support documents. The main objective of this paper is to show that the contemporary jurist is no longer a classical dogmatist in the Kelsenian sense, but rather a person who is conscious of playing a role in society. The method used in the Pure Theory of Law, simplistic, monolithic and linear, is no longer sufficient to reflect the complexity of the law in a “post-modern” period defined by multiple transformations of the system of legal regulation. The postulate that the science of law remains axiologically neutral has often been criticized, and today is completely outmoded. Throughout the world, the law is progressing because social changes require a constant adaptation of legal rules to match citizens' aspirations. The ultimate aims of the rule of law have become the tools used to measure the quality of the law. For this reason, the use of a syncretic methodology, a combination of classical and ethical dogmatics, offers an interesting approach in the task of defining the notion of jurist. A jurist, from this perspective, is someone who is axiologically aware as a dogmatist that humanity remains the final horizon for his or her work.

AbstractOf all the francophone islands dotted throughout the Maritimes, none proclaims its distinctiveness more vigorously than Madawaska, in Northwestern New Brunswick. In this francophone region settled by Acadian and French-Canadian colonists, regional identity in its most extreme form is sometimes even expressed as a rejection of the region's ties to contemporary Acadia and the promotion of an alternative identity, the Brayon of the mythical Republic of Madawaska. This article examines the process of identity construction in 20th century Madawaska. It seeks to shed light on the representations of identity that take shape in the region and to understand their relationship to Acadian identity. From the promotion of links between Madawaska and Acadia to the highlighting of distinctive regional characteristics, it demonstrates that the representations of identity were gradually transformed during the century, as the environment changed.