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Research framework: In Belgium, euthanasia was made available to minors in February 2014. The request to die must be expressed by the minor and receive parental consent. It is regulated by an interdisciplinary process and support for situations of constant, unbearable and unappeasable physical suffering presenting no other reasonable solution in the context of an incurable condition. Objectives: Share reflections and recommendations on support for children, their families and teams in the context of euthanasia requests. They aim to point out the elements that this support has in common with any care process, but also those that characterize it specifically. Methodology: Since 2014, the pediatric palliative care mobile team of the Queen Fabiola University Children's Hospital (HUDERF) of the Brussels University Hospital (HUB) of the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) has met regularly on an interdisciplinary basis to examine and discuss the various aspects of the law. Results: The outcome of this dialogue opens up a field of reflection and guidelines for ensuring appropriate, regulated care. Its aim is to support all those involved in the emergence of a request for euthanasia. The aim is not to define a strict framework, but to propose generalizable benchmarks capable of ensuring dynamic, non-linear, collaborative and comprehensive care. Conclusions: Euthanasia is a process of care and accompaniment that follows the multiple rhythms of the people for whom it is responsible. A human and interdisciplinary constellation is needed to guide this process. Contribution: Euthanasia of minors in Belgium is a rare practice, little studied but never trivial. This article examines the exceptional singularity of this care process and the interdisciplinary resources needed to support it.

Keywords: pédiatrie, euthanasie, interdisciplinarité, soins palliatifs, Belgique, éthique, pediatrics, euthanasia, interdisciplinarity, palliative care, Belgium, ethics, pediatria, eutanásia, interdisciplinariedad, cuidados paliativos, Bélgica, ética

This exploratory study investigated the outcomes of the program “Des mots pour les maux”, a program adapted to French and aimed at re-educating different components of written language on graphophonological correspondences and spelling representations with six students with dyslexia or at risk of presenting such disorder. The study is divided into 2 phases which 6 measures are taken: Phase 1 (at the beginning of the study, and 3 and 6 weeks after standard orthopedagogical interventions) and phase 2 (8 weeks, 16 weeks and 24 weeks after introducing the program tested) in order to assess the skills before and after the introduction of the program. The results suggest some improvement regarding phonological correspondences in reading and, more importantly, orthographic representations in reading and spelling 16 weeks after using the program. This study has thus indicated that dyslexic or at-risk students could benefit from this program “Des mots pour les maux”.

Keywords: Dyslexia, dyslexie, reading and spelling interventions, programmes rééducatifs, dual-route cascaded model, modèle cognitif à double voie, décodage, reading, spelling, orthographe

In this study dedicated to Naked Lunch (Burroughs, 1959; Cronenberg, 1991) and A History of Violence (Wagner and Locke, 2005; Cronenberg, 2005), I articulate the notions of "image-espace" (Gaudin, 2014) and "filmic body" (Shaviro, 1994) in order to show that David Cronenberg's adaptations have a physical impact on the public's body, and are at the root of their guilt sensations - either due to anempathy (for the first example) or extreme excitement (in the second). While analyzing these "unfilmable" movies, which draw much of their abjection from the hypotexts, I would like to illustrate the impact of picturing abjection on our body but also express the filmic object's role (composed not only of what is portrayed but also how it is portrayed and what editing and sound-track brings to our experience) in elaborating an abject filmic experience. My main argument relies on the idea that the Torontonian director - both a source of abjection and hatred if one considers how scholars address him and his works - offers a new cinematic form which, through abjection, offers a path to liberating our imagination.

Keywords: abjection, abjection, adaptation, adaptation, David Cronenberg, David Cronenberg, Naked Lunch, Naked Lunch, A History of Violence, A History of Violence

This study examines the practices of assessment of young children’s inferential abilities during the comprehension of narratives. The objective is to question the presence of developmental differences that are classically reported between different ages assessed using the same story. Rather than only following this same perspective, this study proposes to investigate the relevance of adjusting to the students’ school level to accurately assess their inferential abilities. The inferential abilities of 348 students aged five to eight years old were surveyed, by either using a story that corresponded to their grade level, or using a story from a grade level different from theirs (i.e., higher or lower). The results show that when students at different grade levels are assessed using the same material, they show differences in achievement. However, when students are assessed with a grade-adjusted narrative, no differences are observed between the age groups studied.

Keywords: inferences, inférences, narrative comprehension, compréhension de récits, grade level, niveau scolaire, assessment method, méthode d’évaluation, children’s literature, littérature de jeunesse

When someone dies unexpectedly, a medical examiner may perform an autopsy to determine how they died (i.e., manner of death). Recent studies found that cognitive bias can affect manner of death judgments, such that extraneous non-medical information may cause the same death to be judged as either a homicide or accident, which has significant legal ramifications. In response, leading medical examiners clarified that manner of death is “not scientific” and “often does not fit well in court.” Yet medical examiners often testify in court, and little is known about how fact-finders appraise their judgments. To address this gap, we conducted two experiments in which mock jurors read and evaluated a medical examiner’s testimony at a murder trial (modeled after the real-world case of Melissa Lucio), while varying the expert’s opinion (i.e., homicide or accident) and the defendant’s attributes (i.e., an affluent white or underprivileged Latina woman). Overall, participants rated the medical examiner’s testimony as highly scientific, credible, and convincing, and it strongly affected their verdicts and belief in the defendant’s guilt, irrespective of the defendant’s attributes. Moreover, participants unexpectedly rated the expert as even more credible if they ruled the death a homicide rather than an accident. Our data thus reveal a worrisome disconnect between how medical examiners characterize their judgments (i.e., as nonscientific and tentative) and how jurors appraise those judgments (i.e., as highly scientific and practically dispositive). We discuss ways to remedy this disconnect, including reforming death investigation practices to curtail bias and encourage standardization and transparency.

Keywords: Expert Testimony, Manner of Death, Stereotypes, Cognitive Bias

We examined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms in refugee mothers and the relationships between maternal trauma, child attachment security, and child internalizing and externalizing behaviours. Results from 36 mothers of children 18–70 months old indicated that while 94.4% of mothers reported experiencing trauma, only 2.8% reported clinically elevated PTSD symptoms. Maternal PTSD symptoms were correlated with child internalizing and externalizing behaviours. Attachment security was negatively correlated with internalizing and externalizing behaviours. Attachment security moderated the relationship between PTSD symptoms and externalizing behaviours; PTSD symptoms predicted externalizing behaviours for children with low attachment security only. This suggests that child attachment security may protect against maternal trauma.

Keywords: attachment, trauma, depression, refugee, mother-child

The issue of executive leadership has recently been attracting the attention of researchers and professionals alike (Alvesson et al., 2017; Leroux et al., 2019; Wainsztok, 2017). The purpose of this article is to help understand female managers’ relational dynamics and management practices. This research relies on a theory of human work to grasp the relational dynamics and social relationships experienced at work. The methodology relies on a qualitative research design based on 51 individual interviews with female managers. The results reveal four main categories of management practices: 1) close relationships with teams and sharing of real work; 2) fusional relationships marked by zealous solicitude and devalued care; 3) distancing from teams and real work, 4) relationships of control and supervision, and dictatorship/tyranny. This article’s contribution consists in showing the diversity of management practices used by female managers beyond the persisting debates on whether female management practices are different or similar to those of men.

Keywords: Leadership, cadres, genre, travail, subjectivité

For several years now, the librarians at Université de Moncton have been teaching the Information Literacy / Library Research component as part of a mandatory introductory course offered to all first-year students in several faculties. As part of a study conducted in collaboration with the CompeTI.CA Partnership Network in 2016-2019, we collected and analyzed the perceptions of students participating in the course, as well as the observations and recommendations of librarians teaching it.Using a qualitative and inductive grounded theory methodology adopted by the Network and based on an inclusive and collaborative approach has allowed us to generate research data and practical recommendations. The conclusions derive from the analysis of the data collected, rather than from predetermined theories. Results suggest that this model of teaching information literacy as part of a course and its learning objectives seems to benefit students and contribute to their academic success. Optimization of the pedagogical structure of the course, placement tests, as well as the importance of a gradual and adapted approach to developing the information literacy skills are some of recommendations that emerge from this study.By publishing this article, we wish to make a modest contribution to the French-language scientific literature about the acquisition of information literacy skills by first-year university students, as well as the role of academic librarians in the teaching mission of post-secondary institutions.

Keywords: academic librarians, bibliothécaires universitaires, digital literacy, compétences informationnelles, information literacy skills, enseignement au premier cycle, surveys, littératie numérique, undergraduate teaching, questionnaire étudiant