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71.More information
Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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La présente thèse porte sur l’influence des idéologies dans la perpétuation du problème d’unité conceptuel de la psychologie. Elle comporte trois objectifs principaux. Le premier objectif est d’établir l’influence des idéologies dans le processus de formulation-résolution du problème d’unité de la psychologie. Pour nous permettre de déterminer cette influence, nous avons développé une théorie qui s’inspire des travaux épistémologiques de Bachelard (1884-1962). Le deuxième objectif est de démontrer que l’intervention des idéologies participe aux blocages de la reconnaissance de l’unité conceptuelle de la psychologie. Pour évaluer ce blocage, nous avons développé une proposition d’unité pour la psychologie qui s’appuie sur la reconnaissance d’idées récurrentes au niveau le plus fondamental du discours théorique en psychologie. Le dernier objectif principal de notre thèse est de confirmer la …
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SUMMARYThis text is based on the hypothesis that every theory on the psychology of personality must inevitably, in one manner or another, have a sociological referent, that is to say, it must refer to a body of knowledge which deals with a diversity of social contexts and their relations to individuals. According to this working hypothesis, such a sociology is implicit. This text then discusses a group of theoretical approaches in an effort to verify this hypothesis. This approach allows the extrication of diverse forms or diverse expressions of this implicit sociology within this context several currents are rapidly explored : psychoanalysis, behaviorism, gestalt, classical theory of needs. The author also comments on the approach, inspired by oriental techniques or philosophies, which employs the notion of myth to deepen self awareness. Finally, from the same perspective, he comments at greater length on the work of Carl Rogers, highlighting the diverse form of implicit sociology. In addition to Carl Rogers, this text refers to Freud, Jung, Adler, Reich, Perls, Goodman, Skinner as well as to Ginette Paris and various analysts of Taoism.In conclusion, the author indicates the significance of his analysis from double viewpoint of psychological theory and practice.
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Keywords: développement cognitif, psychologie culturelle, rôle de la culture, comparaison, développement, facteur du développement, universalité
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SummaryIn the 1920s, Mauss and Halbwachs established the bases of a “collective psychology” which focuses on the content of collective representations. They acknowledge the idea that individual consciences may produce social reality, and are not merely a “residual” individual manifestation of the evolutions of collective conscience, and they tend towards a more “comprehensive” study of the lives of individuals in groups. Mauss traces a program of collaboration between the social sciences which, in his view, may bridge the gap between individual and collective mental states with a view to building a science of the “total man” that examines the activity of the group in as far as it reveals psycho-physiological arrangements that may shed light on the reality of the group in its entirety. Halbwachs, on the other hand, builds a collective psychology in which the psychic activity of individuals in a group may be assimilated to a “collective instinct of survival” stemming from their gathering together.
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SummaryInterdisciplinary intelligence, which, in G. Gusdorf's view, stems from an epistemology of complementarity and which posesan objection to all epistemologies of dissociation, has been exercised, in fact, with varying degree of success. One final referencehas however most often been overlooked in these operation: " the ideal focus of this new research " which for Gusdorfwas " the human form as vital center of meanings ". This loss can no doubt be attributed to the general and continuous movementtoward " de-subectivization " which has affected the social sciences, particulary sociology, all through the century inFrance and which becomes meaningful in light of conflicts that have existed between philosophy, psychology and sociologysince the end of the 19th century and which sociologists have often revisited.