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ABSTRACTCommunication training and positive exchange training are the two methods for improving marital relations that research has established as being the most effective. However, even after conducting therapy involving both partners based on these methods, too few couples (35 %) succeed in reaching the same level of satisfaction as couples who are already satisfied with their relationship. The efforts that have been undertaken to increase this rate have focussed mainly on developing new therapeutic techniques that include cognitive, emotional and systemic approaches. However, the results of experimental studies to date do not prove the superiority of these new approaches. Given this situation, it is time to pay more attention to particular characteristics of the therapeutic relation in marital therapy and to the means of obtaining the collaboration of the two spouses. As is the opinion of certain authors, the most difficult clinical task dees not consist of finding what the clients must do to solve their problems, but rather to determine how to motivate them and help them achieve their goal. An analysis of this task, based on clinical observations and results of recent research in this area, has allowed the authors to present a number of hypotheses about ways to reinforce the therapeutic alliance and eventually reduce the failure rate of marital therapy.

AbstractThis paper is a retrospective study with a five year follow-up which examines the variations in substance use and the determinants of these variations. This exploratory research studied a sub-sample of 22 participants, selected from an initial sample of 197 patients with concurrent substance use and other mental health disorders. At the quantitative level, the statistical analysis shows an improvement in the problematic use of alcohol and drugs but no change in psychological state, health, family and interpersonnals relations, as well as employment. At the qualitative level, the analysis of the participant's subjective view indicates that the two main elements of progression in substance use are the effects and the availability of substances. The main elements of reduction in substance use are the use of services, the personal techniques developped by participants, the family network, physical health, lack of financial resources, “occupational” activities, and a process of maturation.

AbstractHow to favor clinical research in pedopsychiatry? An experience of a cooperative action-research Clinical evaluative research are far too few. In this article, the authors describe a research process likely to favor its multiplication. They report on a case study of a process resembling a cooperative action-research led by a group of clinicians in pedopsychiatry. With the results and in the light of caracteristics of action-research, they explain why and how this group of clinicians has succeeded in establishing a research process. The lessons drawned from this experience are numerous. The authors conclude by proposing a cooperative action-research as a model that all clinicians could apply to a clinical study.

Genealogy has become popular in several areas over the last few decades and has developed a rather rigorous methodology. Seen as an auxiliary science to history, genealogy has established close ties with historical demography and the history of populations. As concerns sociology, collaboration is most evident in the field of the sociology of the family, particularly as regards the concept of filiation, employed in both disciplines. Furthermore, genealogy may also be considered as an object of study by sociologists when the approach is from the point of view of cultural practice or an activity involving the expression of personal, familial or collective identity. As such, genealogy, as it is practised in Québec by numerous local and regional associations including founding-family associations, becomes the expression of a kind of handing down of culture.

AbstractThis article presents a group method for critical incident analysis, focusing on legitimization, critical analysis and the transformation of professional practices. The method is used in a collaborative study with employment practitioners and in the supervision of orientation sciences trainees. To bear fruit, the study had to be based on practice and experience, be examined by colleagues, and be connected to theoretical models and ideas. This distinction helps the subject to rebuild the meaning of his experience and to consolidate or qualify certain ways he sees himself compared to with the actual reality in order to better understand what conditions his actions, and to escape from routines by broadening his repertoire of strategies. The analysis group must become a safe place for expression, dialogue and deliberation, but also allow for the confrontation of interpretations, essential for the transformation and consolidation of individual and collective positions. The challenges of the exercise are to guide the members to form an implied group position in order to avoid rationalization and self-justification, and to help the subjects move beyond their life experiences.

This article is focused on the relationships between unqualified young adults moving into liberal adult education (LAE) and their parents, by bringing out the concept of intergenerational ambivalence. This analysis is based on semi-structured interviews carried out with some 30 young adults, aged between 16 and 30, when they were taking part in LAE level studies. Our analyses bring out the fact that parents are often emotionally involved in the schooling of their children. As a rule, they are never far behind them, whether supporting them and encouraging their learning activities, or with a view to reminding them, or enjoining them, directly or indirectly, to meet their scholarly expectations. Additionally, the relationship between parents and young adults who went directly from the youth sector to LAE shows little ambivalence, compared with that between parents and young adults who have broken off their secondary level studies before moving on to LAE. Overall, one may note the implementation of Kurt Lüscher's four major strategies of ambivalence management, but their nature appears to be mainly dependent on whether the move to LAE is continuous, following on directly from the youth sector studies, or subsequent to a significant break in their schooling.

Keywords: Ambivalence, formation générale des adultes, interruption des études, jeune adulte, parent, Ambivalence, adult education, interruption of schooling, young adult, parent

Trans parenting is a challenge both socially and intimately for trans parents themselves, but also for their partners and children. There are few studies on this sensitive subject, and even fewer children's accounts. In this study, which incorporates aspects of both anthropology and psychology, I strive to report, as accurately as possible and without value judgments, the words of the people I met by presenting their feelings, experiences, difficulties, doubts, and victories. Within the limited scope of this article, I present the case of trans women—people born as men and who have become female—who were already married or in a relationship before their transition and who had children in this relationship. Their life stories relate how they adjusted to their transitions to their role as parents, even in the face of much incomprehension and even exclusion. I also examine how the children react to their parents' change in sexual identity, a reaction that can change over time and that is linked intrinsically to how they were given the news, their age, the attitudes of their mother and of their immediate family, and society's view of trans parenting.

Keywords: transidentité, transparentalité, identité sexuée, parentalité, enfants, transgender identity, trans families, sexual identity, parenthood, children

This article examines the historical transformations of the mental health sector, mostly from a European, French speaking point of view, and in particular France and Belgium. It describes the institutional and material mutations of the mental health sector and, more specifically, the rise of the DSM, its ideology and social consequences. Ultimately, these transformations can be considered in terms of opposing orientations currently dominating the field : On the one hand, the scientific approach that would ideally rid itself of the human subject and, on the other hand, an approach that holds subjectivity as essential and irreducible.

Keywords: Santé mentale, transformations historiques, évolution, DSM, critique, Mental health, historical transformations, evolution, DSM, critique, Salud mental, transformaciones históricas, evolución, DSM, crítica

This paper proposes, first, to take stock of the impact of recent case-law of the Court relating to the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment – and, incidentally, the right to life – regarding the domestic legal position of persons in prison suffering from mental health problems (I and II). Next, it will discern how these legal precedents support reflection on the meaning of prison for this group of people who are doubly vulnerable (III). It should be noted that our focus is on people who have committed an offence or a crime and who suffer from mental disorders, regardless of the inmates' profile or when their mental disorder first appeared.

Keywords: Droits de l'homme, jurisprudence, prison, santé mentale, Human rights, case-law, prison, mental health, Derechos humanos, jurisprudencia, prisión, salud mental