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In late January of 2017, a Québec City-born deranged young man walked into the town's Great Mosque on Sunday evening during a prayer meeting and opened fire on the group of praying men gathered in the main hall, killing six (6), injuring five (5) of them and leaving thirty-five (35) later “rescued” people—men, women and children—behind, in a state of total shock, a municipal first in that quiet, peaceful city's history.The lone gunman's act was targeting a specific cultural community, attacking them in their religious identity and even reaching them in their sense of security and well-being.Psychological crisis intervention was quickly organized following the ordeal and through, notably, the rapid intervention of a same culture, same language psychologist. The identified preliminary general crisis picture was then one of “adaptive stress” along with its transitory symptoms and of” exceeded stress” with its unrelated symptoms and carrying the risk of a build-up resulting in the display of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. A number of survivors also showed signs of “traumatic mourning,” painfully worsened by the burden of having to organize the sending (repatriation) of their deceased loved ones' remains back to their homeland.The “native” psychologist began setting up the therapy sessions in the victims' homes for the first few days, first in the form of using the” defusing” approach during family group meetings and then followed, over the course of the following weeks, by the use of targeted techniques known as” debriefing,” including a psychological assessment of the event, also using psychodynamic means. As for children, their candid expression of feelings through drawing was privileged and as is usually recommended in such circumstances. And beyond the fifteen (15) day therapy period and in accordance with the recommendations of the Order of Quebec psychologists, victims were then offered private sessions at the psychologist's office.Three (3) months following the attack, two thirds (2/3) of the victims were progressively coming out of their trauma-related state of mind either without any aftereffect or, for some, only minor ones. For others showing some various degrees of sleep disorders such as recurring nightmares and “going out” phobia, they had actually” reactivated” their original symptoms in reaction to and triggered by inconsiderate social acts committed in their behalf by some local hostile individuals.Marked improvements were gradually noticeable within the targeted community through encouragement to verbalize their traumatic experience, psychologically identified as “illogical” and in so trying to help them see it as having some form of” meaning.”One year following the attack, many victims experiment a gradual return to normal functioning levels. Culture and religion act as protective factors, with “faith” being the ultimate contributor to resilience. Group solidarity, as well as social and political support have also helped to ease some of the victims' pain.We also address the judicial process that gave the victims the much-needed opportunity to express and share their feelings and reactions about the traumatic experience.Recommendations are finally made to use as much as possible a professional of the same culture in the context of the trauma; or to be supervised by the latter to acquire a better knowledge of the culture; or to simply investigate the socio-cultural context and religion of the victims, if these are closely related to the context of mourning and their conception of death.

Keywords: attentat, stress post-traumatique, verbalisation du trauma, résilience, dimension socioculturelle, mass murder attempt, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma verbalization, resilience, socio-cultural dimension

To answer the question “at what semiotic level does mudic communicate?”, we distinguish three semiotic flows of musical narrativity. The first flow of narrativity is called “substance”, and corresponds to primary narrativity present in all music and in sound itself. The second flow of narrativity is called “frame” and corresponds to the way time is organized – problematized – in a musical piece, a style, an era. The third flow of narrativity is called “plot” and corresponds to the emplotment of a work of art. Having clarified the nature of this emplotment by using the concept of “narrative tension”, we then study its actualization by the listener, and more specifically the interaction between reader and text, by insisting on three factors that make it possible : intentionality, embodied simulation and forms of vitality.

Keywords: Narrativité musicale, narratologie, intrigue et tension narrative, interaction entre lecteur et texte, intentionnalité, embodied simulation, formes de vitalité, Musical Narrativity, Narratology, Intrigue and Narrative Tension, Interaction between the Reader and the Text, Intentionality, Embodied Simulation, Forms of Vitality

Major depression is one of the leading causes of work disability across the world. In Canada, the lifetime prevalence of depression varies from 10 to 12%. Depression impacts not only the employee who is often stigmatized and can lose his professional identity, but also has consequences on colleagues and supervisors in organizations. In the literature, four models are described from which employers and managers use in their organizations to make decisions regarding the work disability of employees on sick leave: biomedical, financial management, personnel management, and organizational development. These models can also be supported by economic, legal and ethical interests. Even though these models are essential to better understand the decision of employers and HR regarding work disability, information remains scarce regarding the concrete strategies used by these stakeholders to facilitate the return to work for employees on sick leave due to depression.Objectives the aim of this paper is to document, considering employers' and human resources' perspectives, the best strategies to put in place to facilitate the return to work of employees on sick leave due to depression.Method This study was part of a larger study carried out in Canada to assess factors influencing the return to work after a depression-related sick leave, taking into account the viewpoint of four types of stakeholders: employers/human resources, supervisors, unions and people diagnosed with depression. 219 employers (68.5%) and human resources directors (31.5%) from 82.6% organizations having more than 100 employees accepted to answer a telephone semi-structured interview. The question of interest in this study is: In your opinion, what are the best strategies to help an employee who has had a depression to return to work? Coding was influenced by empirical findings and theories related to psychosocial risk factors that the authors use in their respective disciplines as well as return to work principles/steps mentioned in the literature. The main objective was to keep all the strategies mentioned by participants, and analyzing them with major principles of return to work.Results 24 return to work strategies spread on six principles emerged: 1) Contact with the employee during his sick leave (10 strategies); 2) Evaluate and plan the return to work without precipitating it (6); 3) Training for managers and colleagues regarding mental health in the workplace (4); 4) Concertation between key return to work stakeholders (4); 5) Progressive return to work with work accommodations (4); 6) Health and work follow-up regarding the employee (6).Conclusion These six principles including 34 strategies are usually related to the timeframe process of the return to work, though they can be implemented sometimes in parallel. This possible overlap reinforces the idea to consider the return to work as sustainable in order to prevent potential relapses and improve the performance at work. Next steps will be to systematically implement these principles and strategies in organizations in order to evaluate their impact on return to work of employees on sick leave due to depression.

Keywords: dépression, retour au travail, incapacité au travail, employeurs, ressources humaines, stratégies de gestion, depression, return to work, work disability, employer, human resources, management strategies

This article focuses on the phenomenon of living alone in modern big cities. The growing number of people living alone suggests that new dynamics are at work. Living alone appears to rely on a contemporary “state of mind” of which the city is the theater. Common features of these diversified experiences of living alone are examined under the microscope of a sociology of individuation. Notably, the ambiguity of this phenomenon in contemporary societies can be associated with three main tensions that we will expose : a tension between interiority and externality ; between proximity and distance ; and between differentiation and identification.

Keywords: Solitude, vivre seul, ville, individuation, état d'esprit, équivoque, Solitude, living alone, moderns cities, individuation, state of mind, ambiguity, soledad, vivir solo, ciudad, individuación, estado de ánimo, equívoco

In the 1950's depression was a relatively marginal pathology and the pharmaceutical companies were reticent to invest in the development of antidepressants. Three decades or so later, depression has been redefined as a “social epidemic” and antidepressants have become the treatment of choice. To better understand this reversal, it is necessary to place the profound transformations in social norms acted out in liberal societies in parallel with the spectacular developments in the field of biological psychiatry. By highlighting the imbrication of these two dimensions, the new regulation of “mental health” is indissoluble from the regulation of contemporary individuality.

Keywords: dépression, antidépresseurs, individualité, normativité, psychotropes, psychologisation, depression, antidepressants, individuality, social norm, psychotropic drugs

This article analyzes how the leading members of four collectives in organic farming mobilize cognitive, affective and value resources to overcome negative emotions that emerge from conflicts or dysfunctions within their organization. The study has been conducted in Belgium and in France. The research invalids the leading role of cognitive reframing and shows the importance of values both in the “emotion focused” strategy and in the “situation focused” strategy. Values are present in the whole emotional episode, from the triggering event of the negative emotion to the passing of the emotion.

Keywords: émotions, valeurs, stratégies centrées sur l'émotion, stratégies centrées sur la situation, collectifs en agriculture, émotions, values, emotion focused strategy, situation focused strategy, organic farming collectives

Currently, social robots are an innovation in the field of autism spectrum disorder intervention. However, optimal implementation must take many factors into account.  The article analyzes studies in this field based on the MAP2S model. Positive impacts are observed over several clinical dimensions. Technological features to consider when choosing the robot are identified. At the management level, costs and technical compatibility must be addressed. Future research is needed to provide more results on the applicability of this technology.

Several research projects in recent years are conducted with families of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) children with or without intellectual disability. This research focuses on a sparsely documented father's perspective on their participation in education and intervention programs for their child. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine fathers from the province of Quebec. A qualitative analysis was done. Results show many reported forms of participants' involvement as well as the perceived importance of the employment situation and the services on their participation in the child's intervention. Some ways are discussed to better support fathers who want to get involved in education and intervention programs for their child with ASD.

On the basis of his analysis of educational biographies, the author looks at the training process of professionals involved in the social sector who seek university education. Is this a final step in a coherent process or the opening of new horizons? What are the consequences of the social origins of the candidates? What influence does the possibility of obtaining a diploma have? How does university education relate to a greater maturity? What is the role of the university in the process of defining new identities for women? Is university education a pitfall?