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AbstractThis introduction is a literature review of the two major models of intervention in ethnopsychiatry : transcultural psychiatry and ethnopsychoanalysis. After distinction of these two approaches, the authors describe cultural competence considered as the central concept of transcultural psychiatry, followed by a description of the major parameters of ethnopsychoanalytic intervention : foundations, problems related to consultation, operation, role of professionals who refer, principal therapist and co-therapists, translator and finality of this approach.

Facing difficulties, entrepreneurs must always persevere but in practice, most of them go through periods of doubt during which their commitment becomes more uncertain. Paradoxically, these doubts can help the perpetuation of the entrepreneurial activity : to stop and take time to doubt allows them to update their expectation and to see their venture in a new light. It is often through this step that entrepreneurs rebuild the commitment needed to carry on, this commitment being often different from the one that initially motivated them to start their business. Based upon 50 interviews, this article proposes a model in four stages : anticipated commitment, commitment to action, confused commitment and second wind commitment. Considering this process, partners and councillors are invited to support entrepreneurs when facing these hard times and to give them time to find the strength to carry on.

Keywords: Engagement, Implication, Motivations, Doutes, Confusion, Abandon, Changement

How should case management be organized for people who have severe mental illness, but do not need Assertive Community Treatment or similar high-intensity programs? To address this question, the authors conducted a systematic review of studies published in English between 1980 and 2010. Five main case management models were identified: broker, clinical case management, rehabilitation, strengths and intensive case management. In all, 11 experimental and 13 quasi-experimental studies evaluating case management programs not targeted at a typical ACT clientele were identified. These studies suggest that the strengths model, which can be viewed as a way of structuring intensive case management for a moderate-need population, is the best supported by evidence if one desires to see effects not only on hospital days, but also on other domains such as symptoms, quality of life and social functioning. It is also compatible with a recovery orientation. The evidence in its favor, however, remains modest.

AbstractThe specificity of Freud's position raises an ethical issue concerning a different position, through which the problem of the subject is called to enunciate itself in theology and psychoanalysis. The après-coup clarifies this orientation by analyzing certain currents and strategies that animate a desire of death in theology and psychoanalysis. The relationship between theology and psychoanalysis produces obstacles we must identify, so that we may avoid reducing or assimilating one to the other. A re-reading of this issue's contribution helps to recognize misunderstandings that can become profitable if the readers open themselves to the dimension of a subject of the unconscious, in tension with the subjectivity of theology.

New medical technologies often spark scientific and social controversy. In order to inform public opinion, journalists use a number of sources, including doctors and associations of patients who put forward various scientific, clinical and social arguments based on real-life experiences. In this arena of political deliberation, where science, clinical aspects and personal trajectories intersect, how do public policies gain legitimacy ? What arguments lead to the institutionalization of medical innovations ? This article examines the viewpoints of medical specialists, associations of patients and the opinions reported in the written press on three specific medical technologies : screening for Down's syndrome, electroshock therapy, and prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer. It shows how, in each case, a particular narrative somehow succeeds in forging a clear direction where the institutionalization of medical innovation takes place.

Keywords: technologies médicales, institutionnalisation des innovations, épistémologie civile, politiques de santé, dépistage du cancer de la prostate par APS, dépistage du syndrome de Down, électrochocs, medical technologies, institutionalization of innovations, civil epistemology, health policies, PSA-based screening for prostate cancer, screening for Down's syndrome, electroshock therapy, tecnologías médicas, institucionalización de las innovaciones, epistemología civil, políticas de salud, diagnóstico del cáncer de la próstata por medio de APE, diagnóstico del síndrome de Down, electrochoques

This paper proposes to explain the cure performedby healers through the deliberate activation of self-healingmechanisms previously developed by the patient.The conceptual framework used by the author is borrowedfrom studies done in neurobiology and endocrinologywhich stress interrelations between social relations,emotional states and physiological modifications. Thesymbolic efficacy produced by ritual treatments is interpretedin the context of three general characteristics ofthe Ngbandi culture: the paramount importance oficonic thinking, the way Angbandi somatize and psychologizetheir affects, the distinction they make in assigningcauses to diseases. The two final sections demonstratehow therapeutic ritual are composed of various ritualmodalities which are broadly related to specific self-healingprocesses.

To meet the needs of adolescent sexual abuse perpetrators (A.S.A.P.), various treatments have been implemented in North America: introspection- or education- oriented group interventions, family interventions, cognitive behavioural therapies and relapse prevention strategies. No study has yet drawn the picture of actual practices in centers which, in Quebec, work with A.S.A.P. By means of individual interviews, all directors of these specialized treatment centres were met. More specifically, this paper aims: i) to identify the general tendencies, resemblances and differences emerging between the interventions proposed by nine treatment centers; ii) to understand what, according to the participants, specify the treatment for A.S.A.P. compared to the one proposed with the adults and iii) to compare the results according to the center who offers the services: “pedopsychiatric settings” versus “psychosocial or community settings”. It emerges from those interviews that the vast majority of actual programs are offered on an outpatient basis (or “external”). On the whole, the functioning of the nine treatment centers relies on small teams, among which are found a majority of sex therapists and psychologists. In the majority of cases, the initial reference process is guided by the two major laws for juveniles. In all treatment centers, various inventories and structured questionnaires were translated from English to French and are since then used with adolescents. Thereafter, although different exclusion criteria to each program exist, the youth is usually referred to a group or an individual intervention. Generally, interventions with parents are uncommon, despite the fact that all interviewees consider it should be a priority. Results allow concluding that Quebec interventions resemble other North American interventions, with the exception of the lesser importance given in Quebec to recidivism risk prediction or multisystemic interventions (or MST). Within Quebec's treatment centers, some differences also appear when adolescent psychiatric settings are compared to psychosocial intervention settings.

Keywords: adolescents agresseurs sexuels, évaluation, interventions, soutien aux parents, adolescent sex offenders, evaluation, intervention, parental support

CNESCO recently put forward a study regarding the correlation between the quality of the school experience and the quality of the learning showing the importance of student well-being. The pedagogical well-being, (defined as the adjustment of the student accompaniment to their psychoaffective needs, improves the quality of the school experience, allows the personal development and yields happiness from being at school (De la Garanderie, 2013). Our action research, in a shared view of well-being was focused on the student's working comfort in Cycle 3, with the establishment of an experimental device whose objective was to take care of children, while supporting their teachers in this approach with accompaniment. A charter of pedagogical welfare (Loton, 2020), from the medical world, and translated into professional teaching practices suitable to the needs of each one, has allowed the implementation of a pedagogical accompaniment practice in regards to well-being. The collection of school experiences has been done by using a tool created specifically to measure the quality of experience of children: a Scale of Measurement of School Experiences (Habib et Bidal, 2016), has led to results that reveal an increase in personal development and validates the capacity of the welfare system put in place to produce educational well-being.