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Often labeled « para-governmental », nonprofit organizations financed with public funds cannot only be considered as executors. In this paper, we introduce nine examples of « deviant » nonprofit organizations, and then analyze different means publics authorities can use in order to control them. Our advocate a management style named “conditional autonomy”: autonomy is extended at first, but reduced when deviant behaviors exceed a determined acceptable level. Finally, we discuss agency cost issues within asymmetrical partnerships.

Keywords: associations, organisations à but non lucratif, politiques publiques, partenariats asymétriques, contrôle, autonomie, nonprofit organizations, public policies, asymmetrical partnership, control, autonomy, asociaciones, organizaciones sin fines de lucro, políticas públicas, colaboraciones asimétricas, control, autonomía

This article presents a qualitative study on the therapeutic experience in a psychiatric day hospital six months after discharge. The study explores the impact of this experience on the lives of people with mental disorders. A qualitative design using semi-structured individual interviews was completed with 18 participants six months after their discharge of a day hospital. Results showed that the day hospital experience was particularly helpful to improve symptoms and relationship with self. It activated a self-transformational process that continued afterwards. Termination created for many, an abrupt void. Issues at stake during the first six months were continuity of care, social support and maintaining skills and knowledge acquired.

The developments in mental health care in Belgium over the last few years show that some major steps are already taken towards implementing community oriented care. In Belgium, we are going through a historic moment, as the proposed reform is ambitious but also complex. Indeed we talk here about a comprehensive mental health care reform which brings together federal, regional and community competencies.It aims to transform part of hospital care into community oriented care by e.g. creating mobile teams in the existing community care mechanisms.In the same time we are developing an operational approach to networking focusing on the needs of care users and of their families.In this paper, we will describe the content of the reform, its mechanisms and all care professionals involved. We will also present the progress of the exploratory phase by stressing not only positive aspects that highlight the evolving nature of our approach, but also the difficulties we are facing in implementing it.

Keywords: réforme, réseau, santé mentale communautaire, citoyenneté, participation, reform, network, community mental health care, citizenship, participation

AbstractsThis article contributes to our knowledge about the rise of the social and human sciences through an examination of military uses of psychology in Canada and this field sensibility to external demand. The national crisis caused by World War II and the Cold War were perceived by psychologists as sizeable opportunities to promote psychological expertise outside academe and to strengthen the social authority of their discipline and profession. By the way of military patronage and psychological contribution to National defense, psychological expertise then gained new symbolic and material resources. Does it mean that this field exogeneity undermine its disciplinary practices or knowledge production? It is said that this is an empirical question that bears no univocal answers.

Taking as the starting point the video film Lakota Quillwork, Art and Legend (Jane Nauman, 1990), this article proposes an analysis on the making of the sacred and more precisely, on the reappropriations of the figure of Double Woman in the Lakota culture. This character appears central historically and ethnographically, and always present in the visionary and artistic practices, as well as in the aboriginal quillworkers' speeches. The analysis follows the character of the Double Woman, as a focal point revealing the successive definitions and values granted to femininity within the Plains and Prairie cultures. Incarnating the ambiguity of the feminine roles, this figure has evolved in different historical and social contexts, as for example associated with Mary during the evangelization period of the Native communities. In view of the remaking of the social and family space, the author questions the contemporary meaning this liberating figure could hold for Native women.

A non-standard epistemology, relatively autonomous of the disciplines and of the present, is necessary to characterize a new logic of interdisciplinarity. This will show how the crisis of representation in science, contemporary changes in scientific object, heterogeneity and incompatibility of models (another narrative of the future in the sciences), leads us to practice an “interdiscipline” that cannot be characterized as a combination of different disciplinary knowledges. We will show how, within this heterogeneity, building “sites of interdiscipline” allows for new relations between the disciplines, including democratic relations between disciplines. This implies a translation or derivation from disciplines, and a concept of objects as “unknowns” and not represented at a “phenomenological distance”.

Keywords: Interdisciplinarité, discipline, objet, épistémologie générique, « lieu d'interdiscipline », itération, Interdisciplinarity, discipline, object, generic epistemology, « Site of Interdiscipline », iteration