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Background Researcher and psychologist Kieron Philip O'Connor (1950-2019) pioneered the cognitive and behavioural approach at the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (IUSMM). It was there that he began a career as a clinical researcher studying Tourette's syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive and related disorder (OCD). At the time, apart from some behavioural approaches, little cognitive intervention was available to treat chronic tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Above all, the interventions remained very poorly validated.

Keywords: syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette, tics, trouble obsessionnels-compulsifs et apparentés, thérapie cognitivo-comportemental, psychophysiologie, Kieron O'Connor, Tourette's syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorders, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychophysiology, Kieron O'Connor

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has a special status in the social imagination. Long associated with asylums, this treatment has not been abandoned by medical practice, and its use has even increased over the last ten years. Yet the controversial nature of this treatment remains. ECT is criticized for a lack of scientific basis, uncertain medium- and long-term risks and side-effects, and its much greater use in older women. In this context, under what circumstances and in what ways is it justified to subject a person to this treatment? This paper focuses on the process of informed consent to ECT for able-bodied adults, and more specifically on the content of physicians' duty to inform. We propose a critical analysis of current practices in the specific context of ECT in Québec. First, the scientific evidence regarding the nature, benefits and risks of ECT will be discussed, in order to account for the controversies and numerous uncertainties that persist concerning this therapeutic approach. Practices regarding consent to ECT will then be described and analyzed in the light of the scientific uncertainties outlined above, and taking into account the normative framework that imposes obligations in terms of physicians' duty to inform and obtain consent. Finally, proposals will be made to improve the informed consent process for ECT in Québec, so that the rights of the patients concerned are better respected.

Keywords: recherche interculturelle, traduction, questions méthodologiques

Intersex is an umbrella term for variations in sexual characteristics. Although 1.7% to 4% of the population is born outside the framework of sexual binarity, the bodies of intersex people are pathologized and, according to medical specialists, in need of “repair”. This institutional stigmatization takes the form of sex reassignment surgery or hormone treatments, justified by socio-cultural premises based on heterosexist norms. Medical discourse is based less on the health, physical and psychological dangers of intersex patients than on safeguarding gendered bicategorization. At the same time, individuals with intersex variations are demanding their right to self-determination, in particular through respect for their free and informed consent. Sex-assignment surgery, motivated and oriented by historically constructed gender binarity, lead to two types of epistemic injustice. A conceptual philosophical analysis of testimonial injustice and hermeneutic injustice will help us to understand the process of making intersex invisible through the epistemic relationship between intersex people and physicians.

Keywords: intersexuation, injustice épistémique, chirurgie d'assignation de sexe, consentement, stigmatisation médicale, traitement hormono-chirurgical, binarité de sexe et de genre, intersex, epistemic injustice, sex-assignment surgery, consent, medical stigma, hormone-surgical treatment, sex and gender binarity

The community psychiatry policy (1960) as well as the mental health policy (1990), two major institutional reforms lead by French public authorities, have introduced profound transformations within the field of psychiatry, contributing to the extension of its scope of action and to the renewal of the conception of care. However, these evolutions have remained marginally studied, particularly in regard of teenagers whose infantojuvenile psychiatric care has been delayed. This paper examines the changes introduced within the sector child psychiatry through the recent experiences and experimentations undertaken toward theses “suffering” teenagers. As they are outside the reach of prevention measures and of care, few of them ask for help or support. They are also confronted with difficulties at the margin of many domains of action (education, social, child psychiatry, etc.) which blurs the strict division of roles between professionals and institutions. Starting from empirical sociological approaches of monitoring initiatives introduced in different “intersecteurs” of the Ile-de-France region, the analysis of transformations on multiple levels, those of the actors (professional stances and dispositions, qualifications and skills, redistribution of roles between each actors within the mental health domain), those of working methods (frames of action, etc.) and of associated values (autonomy and empowerment) allow the reconstitution of the part played by this new conception of recovery which gives place to a dynamic account of these “suffering” teenagers.

Keywords: Adolescents, santé mentale, souffrance psychique, secteur de psychiatrie infanto-juvénile, réseau, autonomie, capacitation, Teenagers, mental health, psychic suffering, community child psychiatry, network, autonomy, capacitation

Noting a constant increase in the use of antidepressants in Canada, the writer calls into question representations relating to the pertinence of certain underlying principles or values followed in Canadian Criminal law, particularly assumptions surrounding certain notions such as intent, will and awareness in assessing imputation. The writer underscores the timeworn applications of these notions in Criminal Law in comparison to recent developments in psychology and in philosophy of mind. To what does one allude in the context of modernism when one utilizes expressions such as "guilty intent" or "blameworthy state of mind"? To what does the criminal law refer when it uses words such as "consciousness" or "will". This text criticizes the commonly held understanding of the notion of free will, which, like imputation, relates to concepts of theological origin which are no longer adapted to present day situations. It also discusses how to assess or evaluate actions performed under the influence of psychotropic drugs.

Dans le but d'améliorer l'issue des traitements prodigués, le domaine de la psychothérapie a de plus en plus adopté un modèle de pratique fondée sur des données probantes (PFDB). Le suivi systématique de l'évolution du patient constitue un élément clé de la PDFP. Le présent mémoire porte sur une méthode de suivi bien précise qui a reçu un fort soutien dans les documents de recherche: le suivi des progrès (SP). Le présent mémoire vise deux objectifs : (a) déterminer l'emploi des méthodes de SP aux sites de formation à l'échelle de l'Amérique du Nord; (b) décrire les facteurs qui viennent contrer ou faciliter la mise en œuvre et l'emploi de méthodes de SP. Afin de mieux comprendre les méthodes de SP, j'ai rédigé un bref …

Contexte : Les estimations de la prévalence des troubles psychiatriques, notamment le syndrome de stress post-traumatique (SSPT) et des troubles de l'humeur, parmi les personnes incarcérées sont nettement plus élevées que dans les échantillons communautaires. L'efficacité des thérapies psychologiques dans les populations incarcérées pour le SSPT ou les symptômes de traumatisme, le trouble dépressif majeur (TDM) ou les symptômes dépressifs, et les traitements pour le trouble bipolaire et ses symptômes, n'a pas été établie. Objectifs : Les objectifs des présentes revues systématiques étaient (1) d'évaluer les effets des interventions psychologiques sur les symptômes de traumatisme chez les personnes incarcérées présentant un SSPT ou des symptômes élevés, les symptômes dépressifs ou des symptômes élevés, et les symptômes du trouble bipolaire ou des symptômes associés au trouble …

This review emphasizes four novel constituents of well-being and their underlying neural bases : 1) sustained positive emotions; 2) recovery from negative emotion (resilience); 3) empathy, altruism, and pro-social behavior; 4) mind-wandering, mindfulness, and emotion-captured attention. The neural circuits that underlie each of these four constituents are partially separable, though there is some overlap. The circuits underlying the four constituents of well-being all exhibit plasticity; they can be transformed. So, happiness and well-being may be regarded as skills that can be enhanced through cognitive training.

Keywords: circuits neuraux, émotion, bien-être, bonheur, entraînement cognitif, neural circuits, emotion, well-being, happiness, cognitive training

This article summarizes policy-relevant happiness research and demonstrates that self-reported happiness could be used to evaluate public policies. Self-reported well-being tracks objective societal and economic conditions fairly well and helps quantify people's suffering. Evidence also demonstrates that some liberal policies, such as generous unemployment benefits, progressive taxation, and income equality are positively associated with citizens' self-reported well-being, whereas others (e.g. larger government spending per Gross Domestic Product) are not. Just as the regular recording of economic activities helps gauge the effectiveness of specific policies and the general economic well-being of individuals and society at large, the regular recording of citizens' self-reporting well-being gauge the effectiveness of specific policies as well as the psychological well-being of individuals and society at large.

Keywords: Bonheur, bien-être, bien-être subjectif, politiques publiques, bien-être sociétal, happiness, well-being, subjective well-being, policy goal, societal well-being