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As with the evolution of the law of the International Criminal Court, the Special Tribunal for Lebanon introduces the same change that was previously unknown by the international criminal law: the active participation of the victim. This is possible through various rights that are enshrined both in the Statute of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the Tribunal. However between the conditions relating to the right to participate as victim and the different restrictions attached to various rights, it is feared that those rights will be of minimum help for the victim participating.

The goals of the study were to introduce and test a psychological treatment at the Montfort Hospital's Cardiac Rehabilitation Service. The participants were male and female patients between the ages of 35 and 85 with heart disease who reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. The results suggest that cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) may significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in cardiac patients. In our sample (N = 11), patients completing at least 10 treatment sessions showed a significant decrease in their symptoms, and none met the criteria for a diagnosis of depression or anxiety after the treatment.

Depression is a widespread psychological disorder that affects approximately one in five North American. Typical reactions to depression include inactivity, isolation, and rumination. Several treatments and psychological interventions have emerged to address this problematic. Cognitive behavioural therapies have received increasingly large amounts of empirical support. A sub-component of cognitive behavioural therapy, behavioural activation, has been shown to in itself effectively treat symptoms of depression. This intervention involves efforts to re-activate the depressed client by having them engage in pleasant, gratifying, leisure, social, or physical activities, thereby counteracting the tendency to be inactive and to isolate oneself. Clients are guided through the process of establishing a list of potentially rewarding social, leisure, mastery-oriented or physical activities, to then establish a gradual hierarchy of objectives to be accomplished over the span of several weeks. Concrete action plans are devised, and solutions to potential obstacles are elaborated. The client is the asked to execute the targeted objective and to record their mood prior to and following the activity. Behavioural activation effectively reverses the downward spiral to depression. Interestingly, studies show that behavioural activation has a positive effect on cognitive activities. It has been shown to reduce rumination and favour cognitive restructuring, without requiring cognitively-based interventions. The advantage of this treatment is therefore that it is simpler to administer in comparison to full-packaged cognitive behavioural therapies, it requires a lesser number of sessions and can be disseminated in a low-intensity format. This article begins by summarizing the origins of the behavioural model of depression, which serves as a basis to the understanding of behavioural activation. This is followed by a detailed explanation of the different phases involved in a behavioural activation intervention. Empirical support for behavioural activation is then presented in regards to depression as well as comorbid physical and psychological health problems. The results of meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials are presented. Behavioural activation is then discussed within the framework of third-wave therapies, discussing the potential role of mindfulness in behavioural activation objectives. Specifically, it is suggested that mindfulness, although not necessarily directly addressed in behavioural activation interventions, is an integral part of this intervention as clients are asked to record their mood and activities and to become cognizant of the relationship between their symptoms of depression and the participation in activities that provide positive reinforcement. This favours self-awareness and allows clients to realize the impact of their actions on their physical and psychological states. In engaging in self-observation and self-recording, and in participating in a variety of tasks and activities, clients are indirectly encouraged to focus on the here and now rather that to succumb to the depressive tendency that is to ruminate. Suggestions are made as to how therapists can include mindfulness-based activities in the behavioural activation hierarchy. It is hypothesized that, due to the calming effect of mindfulness practices on the nervous system, incorporating mindfulness-based activities–such as yoga, tai chi, Qi Gong, or meditation–could for some people enhance the efficacy of behavioural activation interventions and foster a greater sense of well-being. The article concludes by discussing issues that should be addressed in future research. It is suggested that future studies on behavioural activation explore the impacts of incorporating mindfulness-based activities in the behavioural activation hierarchy in comparison to a traditional hierarchy limited to the accomplishment of gratifying or mastery-oriented tasks, social outings, leisure activities and physical activity.

Keywords: dépression, activation comportementale, troisième vague, pleine conscience, depression, behavioral activation, third-wave therapies, mindfulness

SUMMARYThe competence of an occupational therapist in mental health is built on a generalist training acquired in a first university cycle. Several training techniques are described both in the basic studies and in the continuing professional, personal and academic training. The author also broaches the question of the sharing of the responsibility in the on going training.

This article intends to grasp the evolution of Cultural Studies in the context of the structural transformations that affect advanced capitalist societies in the framework of the transition from modernity to postmodernity. We will see that the initial intention of Cultural Studies was to lay the foundations of a sociological theory which found its political expression in democratic socialism. Opposing the economicism, positivism and utilitarianism that were shared as much by vulgar Marxism as by liberalism, the cultural materialism of Cultural Studies founders sought in popular culture a set of traditions that opposed the abstract universalist logic of industrial capitalism and which could establish the normative foundations for a future socialist society. Subsequently, by connecting Althusserian structuralist Marxism to French Theory, Cultural Studies theorists would become the main protagonists of the politics of identities and of the cultural war that raged in the United States as of the 1980s. We argue that postmodern cultural studies are part of a general crisis in the modes of reproduction of advanced capitalist societies that can be described as a crisis of reality. This crisis manifests itself in the conflict which opposes a post-modern right, the Alt-Right, to the Fake Left, a left of the simulation, which expresses itself in social media and on university campuses.

Jean-René Ladmiral is well-known in translation circles not only as a translation studies scholar and a translator of German philosophy (in particular of Jürgen Habermas and the Frankfurt School, but also of Kant and Nietzsche), and as a philosopher as well. As such, he has examined the epistemology of social sciences in an interdisciplinary perspective. In this interview, he calls on different schools of psychology and, in particular, on psychoanalysis to discuss the epistemological basis of research in translation studies. In his view, philosophy, psychoanalysis and translation studies are three reflexive disciplines, that is, they reflect on what one experiences, thinks or does. He speaks in favour of what he calls “une traductologie productive,” whose interest lies not in analyzing existing translations but rather the process of translation, and this is why he makes reference to psychology. Translation studies would be situated at the junction of linguistics and comparative literature, with philosophy towering above and psychology as its base. All social sciences and cultural studies are ultimately related to this field of research. For Jean-René Ladmiral it tends to take on the scope of an interdisciplinary anthropology of translation.

Keywords: entretien, épistémologie de la traduction, psychologie, psychanalyse, interview, epistemology of translation, psychology, psychoanalysis

According to a fundamental principle of Western feminist theories, women of all origins share a common condition, which is one of oppression in patriarchal societies. The idea of common conditions and common claims has encouraged the women's movement to learn more about the battles, the strategies and the successes of women in other societies. The legal successes by women elsewhere have also attracted the attention of feminist activists. In this context, comparative law has been very useful in achieving progress for women. However, the idea of women's common conditions has been called into question by some feminists, especially from third-world countries, who have criticized Western feminists for imposing their points of view and ignoring other forms of oppression experienced by women victims of minoritization. Comparative law has also been criticized by a group of legal scholars advancing new approaches to comparative law. They are critical of the classical school of comparative law which seeks universal solutions to legal problems they consider to be universal, utilizing an unclear methodology and an obvious eurocentrist approach.