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The present article recounts the emergence of Métis communities in Sakha (Yakutia) from the 17th to the 19th century. From the time of first contact in the 17th century, the Yakut people – the population native to Siberia – have been subjected to the economic, social and political impact of relations with the Russian colonizers. Contact between the Russian settlers and the local population led to the emergence of Métis communities whose culture is distinct from that of both their Russian and native ancestors. The process of adaptation by the Russian settlers to the varying geographic and environmental conditions determined the course of development within the individual communities in Yakutia. As a result, each community has seen the development of its own character and local identity. The histories of the villages Amga-Sloboda, Russkoye Ustye and Pokhodsk are representative of this tendency. In general, the inhabitants of these villages were known as russkie starozhilu (Russian old settlers). At the same time, however, each has transformed the Russian and Yakut elements of their native culture to distinguish themselves sharply from their neighboring communities.
Keywords: Bashkirov, métis, métissage, histoire de la Sibérie, histoire de la Iakoutie, peuples autochtones de Sibérie, colonialisme, Bashkirov, Metis, Metissage, Siberian History, History of Yakutia, Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, Colonialism, Bashkirov, mestizos, mestizaje, historia de Siberia, historia de Yakutia, pueblos indígenas de Siberia, colonialismo
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The scale of the difficulties encountered by the Russian military in Ukraine since 2022 has taken international experts by surprise. They reflect its unpreparedness for a high-intensity war that had not been prioritized by the General Staff, as well as the flaws in the “new look reforms” carried out since 2008 in both the armed forces and the arms industry in a relatively unstable context. The fragmentation of the use of force on behalf of the Russian state between the regular army and other players –including the Wagner group– is just one sign of the corrosion caused by this ill-conceived and ill-calibrated military adventure. The Ukraine war, which has shaken the balance of the Putin regime, has also had an impact on the relationship between the government and the military, the latter benefiting from the distant support of a Russian population which has grown accustomed to thinking of itself as being attacked by the “collective West”.
Keywords: Russie, Ukraine, forces armées, relations civilo-militaires, industrie d'armement, stratégie, Russia, Ukraine, armed forces, conflict, civil-military relations, arms industry, strategy
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AbstractBorn in Saint-Petersburg to a French father and Russian mother, André Beucler, upon entering the Parisian literary scene in the 1920s, contributed to the promotion of Slavic literature and culture in France. Because he frequented the writers most representative of this Franco-Russian identity, Joseph Kessel or Emmanuel Bove, his imagination was to a large extent “naturally” influenced by the Russian novelists; he was very consciously influenced as well, however, since Beucler analyzed the works of his predecessors, as in the unpublished essay, “Dostoevsky and the Ideal Man,” which sketches the broad outlines of his own poetics. The critical reception of Mauvais sort (Sad Fate) also shows that the narrative had indeed been read within the light cast by the notable figures of Oblomov and The Idiot, regarding both their character and existential philosophy. However, if Philippe Bohême, Beucler's “anti-hero,” is an already recognizable type, he nonetheless anticipates the most spectacular successes in this complex register, Sartre's Roquentin or Camus' Meursault, emblems of a new “mal de siècle,” between lack of will and murderous impulse.