Documents found
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2481.More information
This article makes a series of modest proposals to overcome two recent and highly problematic historiographical trends in the study of the political community in Quebec that tend to obscure First Nations contributions to national history. The author proposes studies of Indigenous history that work to create a productive dialog between the largely separate bodies of work on Quebec, on the one hand, and its Indigenous population, on the other. By emphasizing methodological problems, often arising directly from present-day political projects, and the diverse ways of overcoming such difficulties, the article's objective is to encourage renewed research (already underway) into Indigenous history in Quebec, not in order to assimilate it into the narrative arc of national history, but to ensure that these two distinct yet connected historiographies interact and inspire one another.
Keywords: historiographie, histoire autochtone, Québec, histoire nationale, méthodologie, Historiography, Indigenous history, Québec, national history, methodology, historiografía, historia indígena, Quebec, historia nacional, metodología
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2482.More information
Solidarity is often defined in social work as a means or finality of empowerment practice. However, polysemic uses of both solidarity and empowerment blur our understanding of the concerned phenomena. From an analytical synthesis of the empowerment literature, we sketch six empowerment perspectives based on different meanings in accordance with specific theoretical and ideological modalities giving rise to a certain conceptualization of solidarity supported by a conditions of practice analysis grid. Whereafter we underline some theoretical blind spots pertaining to the identified perspectives, as the autonomy-condition regime in which these interventions are practiced, and the power relations with which they must deal. We conclude by considering the paradoxical dimensions of the autonomy-condition regime in social work and the challenges emerging from this dissonant context.
Keywords: empowerment, travail social, conscientisation, féminisme, habilitation, capabilités, environnementalisme, responsabilisation, solidarité, régime d'autonomie-condition, empowerment, social work, conscientization, feminism, habilitation, capabilities, environmentalism, responsibilization, meaning of solidarity, autonomy-condition regime
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2483.More information
In a context where the idea of participative democracy is being raised to the rank of “new paradigm of public action”, we are witnessing the exacerbation of the representative government's authoritarian tendencies, which can be observed through, for example, the actual trend of criminalization of collective action and the trivialization of the state of emergency. Rather than viewing this as a contradiction between a “participative” discourse and authoritarian practices, this article seeks to demonstrate how the contemporary criminalization of social protest finds its possibility conditions within the “participation discourse” itself, as well as through the practices and social and political institutions which are related to it. By analyzing four types of legitimation of massive and systemic repression of collective actions in the Americas (Quebec, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela), this text highlights how the exercise of fundamental rights (such as those of association, expression and assembly) is considered a threat to “democracy” in the name of consensus supposedly attained within “deliberative” (consultative) forums organized by the authority in place and within which this authority preserves its prerogatives for the “qualification” of participants and especially for the “decision”. Results a fight for the meaning between two conceptions and practices of participation: one “consensual” and contained, and the other “wild” or transgressive. In order to illustrate this wild conception (non-domesticated) of democracy and participation, this text is based upon “narratives” from anonymous participants of transgressive dissenting actions that happened in the Americas during the last quarter century. This analysis of two conceptions and practices of citizen participation tends to demonstrate that, far from representing a danger for democracy, transgressive participation constitutes its dynamic principle.
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2484.More information
Publications on the teaching of qualitative research clearly state that practice makes perfect. But this observation, which also applies to the teaching of research ethics, raises a number of important questions or concerns. For example, is it appropriate for undergraduate university students to conduct a small-scale research project without the approval of an ethics committee ? Can any individuals, including potentially vulnerable individuals, be “used” as subjects for observation or interviews ? Should students be forewarned of potential problems or unpleasant surprises that may await them in the field ? Are some epistemological assumptions and approaches more ethically acceptable than others ? This article addresses these and related issues based on situations I have experienced over the course of my teaching career. It examines these concerns from the perspective of “ethical intentionality in research as opposed to research per se” (Sabourin, 2009 : 66).
Keywords: Pédagogie universitaire, initiation à la recherche, éthique de la recherche, recherche qualitative, comités d'éthique de la recherche, University pedagogy, introduction to research, research ethics, qualitative research, research ethics committees, Pedagogía universitaria, iniciación a la investigación, ética de la investigación, investigación cualitativa, comités de ética de la investigación
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2485.More information
This article questions the possibility of an interdisciplinarity that would be practiced outside the scientific field. To provide some answer, it shows how philosophy is intrinsically associated with subjectivity, how science progressively pulls away from philosophy, how this distancing enables the division of knowledge, how the division of knowledge calls for interdisciplinarity. Having established that, it reports some requests for an unscientific interdisciplinarity and then shows that these aspirations relate more to philosophy than interdisciplinarity.
Keywords: Interdisciplinarité, discipline, philosophie, science, subjectivité, psyché, Interdisciplinarity, Discipline, Philosophy, Science, Subjectivity, Psyche
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2486.More information
The Honoré d'Urfé's vast novel L'Astrée, masterpiece of the pastoral genre in France had known very many adaptations. A short version called La Nouvelle Astrée, anonymous or attributed to abbé de Choisy, was published in 1712 in Paris and translated in russian as soon as in 1789. It could not, without any doubt, transfer the complex message of its prestigious model, mirror of aristocratic aspirations, and a question arises whether the russian Novaya Astreya was at least able to seize the core of the pastoral novel, and how, by means of which translatological options. Experience of its first czech translation (published 2017) by method of hermeneutic reading and a systematic comparison of the russian cyrillic-written text with the french original has enabled us to confirm the hypothesis of a specific strategy used in translation. Many simplifications, explanations, and omissions of presumably unsuitable expressions seem to meet the intent to adapt the text for educational aims, making it intelligible to the target public, more francophile that francophone. The otherness reflected in both signifiants and signifiés is attenuated or deleted, inducing thereby relevant lexical and stylistic modifications.
Keywords: adaptation, altérité culturelle, lecture herméneutique, roman pastoral, stratégie traductologique, adaptation, cultural alterity, hermeneutic reading, pastoral novel, translation strategy, adaptación, alteridad cultural, estrategia traductológica, lectura hermenéutica, novela pastoril
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2487.
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2489.More information
This article deals with debates on the school in the French context, where republicans and pedagogues challenge each other. The fact that this debate has been dragging on for thirty years suggests researching the real symbolic stakes at the deepest cultural level. The republican syntax (as opposed to the pedagogical parataxis) is analysed here from the point of view of the structures of the imaginary. Gilbert Durand’s approach allows it to be related it to its “diurnal” matrix, distinguished by processes of idealisation, parting, opposition, and whose privileged feature is the antithesis. One must examine the characteristics of the diurnal regime to understand the hard core of republican theses and their implications (the opposition of training and education, the hatred of pedagogy, the knowledge religion). Such rhetoric seems dominated by the logic of separation and a flight from reality, which are related to the Gnostics’ hatred for the world. The republican rhetoric can only take refuge in a paradise of Platonic ideals, without ever agreeing to face historical or sociological reality. Since it lives on myths and in denial of reality, the debate cannot move forward.