Documents found
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101.More information
Dikes -called “duits” and “chevrette”- impregnate strongly the fluvial landscape of the Loire Valley through their ubiquity and their integration into structures of the old port cities. These structures were operational at the time of the navigation on the Loire River. Today, they disrupt fluvial dynamics with sediment retention, modifications of flow, and development of vegetation in the riverbed. These structures have also contributed to the river readjustment still in progress. The fluvial landscape has changed drastically since the abrupt cessation of navigation and maintenance works at the end of the nineteenth century. The current management of the river landscape is facing conflicts and issues: maintain and restore the riverbed, maintain or remove the fluvial structures, or promote the heritage of navigation. To illustrate these ideas, we focus on two sites in the middle Loire valley: La Charité-sur-Loire (chevrette), Orléans (duits).
Keywords: Loire, duits, chevrettes, continuum fluvial, patrimoine, gestion, Loire River, dikes, river continuum, heritage, management
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103.More information
The result of work of an interdisciplinary group of researchers of the French Workshop Zone Network (Réseau des Zones Ateliers, CNRS), this article focuses on the implementation of restoration projects aiming to restore ecological connectivity of rivers. These projects are at the center of an important controversy taking place in the French public space since several years. Thus certain actors put into question the pertinence of the public policy aiming at removal of hydraulic structures contributing to connectivity interruption. Here, we first synthesize the currently known effects of the connectivity interruption in its longitudinal, lateral and vertical dimensions on a row of biophysical and socio-economic processes. Spotlighting the complexity of processes linked to river connectivity, the variablity of territorial contexts and the associated uncertainties, our analysis reveals the necessity of inscribing restoration projects within a larger project of water ressource management conducted at the scale of a territory and rooted in a participatory decision process. The decision to restore or not restore connectivity cannot be based exclusively on science and technical expertise. With this in mind, we propose an action strategy to address challenges related to river connectivity restoration. We identify ten critical points to take into account for implementing restoration projects that would be both supported by different stakeholders, and efficient in regard to their defined objectives.
Keywords: hydrosystème fluvial, socio-écosystème, continuité écologique, restauration, incertitudes, conflits d’usage, points de vigilance, co-construction, projet de territoire, interdisciplinarité, transdisciplinarité, fluvial hydrosystem, socio-ecosystem, ecological connectivity, restoration, uncertainty, conflicts of use, critical points, co-construction, territorial project, interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarité
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ABSTRACT There is a narrow thread in the vast literature on Kafka which pertains to Kafka's knowledge of philosophy, and more precisely to Kafka's use in his fictional writings of some of the main ideas of Franz Brentano. Kafka attended courses in philosophy at the Charles University given by Brentano's students Anton Marty and Christian von Ehrenfels, and was for several years a member of a discussion-group organized by orthodox adherents of the Brentanian philosophy in Prague. The present essay summarizes what is known about Kafka's relations to the Brentanist movement. It draws on Brentanian ideas on the evidence of inner perception, on oblique consciousness, on active introspection, on correct and incorrect judgment, and on consciousness as a species of inner tribunal, in order to throw light on central features of Kafka's writings, including stylistic features. Special attention is directed towards Die Verwandlung and Der Prozess , and a reading of the latter is offered according to which the trial of Joseph K. occurs entirely within the mind of K. himself.
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AbstractThis article focuses on three – politically and socially – mad characters who have prevailed in a body of European writings over the last 15 years, and who have been sketching a theater of madness for our times. In the process, this article presents a socio-critical approach to the comedic elements of contemporary theater. The three characters at issue are the “jester”, the “zombie” and the “simpleton”, each shining a light on a different set of challenges in today's Western societies. The jester, more particularly the Ubuesque one, represents the chasm between power and the indignity of those wielding it, echoing European worries about the fragility of democracy. As the walking dead who gave his insubstantial, fake and subjective life to the lure of consumer goods, the zombie evokes consumerism. Lastly, the simpleton's improbable ingenuousness and his inherent inability to adapt to his surroundings restrict to a minimum his interaction with figures of power, thereby making him the only “madman” in contemporary theater to have retained an ability to express a life force.