Documents found
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191.More information
In this paper, I consider a problem that I call the “epistocratic specter”. The problem goes as follows : if there are political truths, by which I mean political positions that are truly good, shouldn't we make the attainment of such truths the central goal of our political system, which could lead us to restrict popular power and let only truly “enlightened” individuals make every political decision ? I explore various possible strategies in order to defend democracy against the appeal of such an epistrocratic system, and I conclude that the best available strategy is one that emphasizes that a well-organized deliberative democracy possesses an epistemic potential that is superior to that of any other political system. I conclude by showing how this fact can inform our understanding of the phenomenon of political dissent.
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192.More information
AbstractDoes President Obama's foreign policy rest upon a “grand strategy” or a “doctrine”? That question is examined here in the light of a critical discourse analysis applied to the current US foreign policy debates, especially the one nourished by university researchers and think tank-affiliated experts. We argue that there are at least three possible responses varying according to the definitions applied to the concepts of “grand strategy” and “doctrine” : the hegemonic one, the internationalist one and the neo-isolationist one. Following the internationalist approach, we then seek to demonstrate the existence of a new grand strategy of “comprehensive engagement”. This strategy seems to be based on three fundamental ideas that underpin Obama's foreign policy : the idea of US “multipartner” leadership, the concept of “smart power” and the “necessary force” doctrine related to the notion of “just war”.
Keywords: États-Unis, Obama, politique étrangère, grande stratégie, doctrine, USA, Obama, foreign policy, grand strategy, doctrine, Estados Unidos, Obama, política exterior, gran estrategia, doctrina
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194.More information
The fight against cyber crime in the European Union is based on the idea that its Member States cannot act separately to fight this transnational phenomenon. Then, a specific action has been gradually structured. If the fight against "computer crime" was initially the main topic, the term "cybercrime" will gradually become more and more used by the UE institutions. The fight against this phenomenon tends to be situated at the convergence of various institutional agendas that promote a powerful integrative dynamic: the European digital market, the European criminal area, cybersecurity and internal security in particular.
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195.More information
This article looks at the changes induced by the Plan d'action gouvernemental pour la solidarité et l'inclusion sociale 2010-2015 on the strategic choices of the Table d'action contre la pauvreté de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue between 2008 and 2015. In the field of poverty reduction and in the case studied, the public reforms that try to steer the collective action of community organizations met with resistance to the model proposed and led to the adoption of new practices through the reconfiguration of the strategic choices of this collective actor. This regional analysis will be put into perspective with other observations made at the provincial level, especially the co-construction of public policies and the resistance to social protection transformations.
Keywords: lutte à la pauvreté, organismes communautaires, action collective, stratégies, plan d'action gouvernemental
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196.More information
This article analyzes how the leading members of four collectives in organic farming mobilize cognitive, affective and value resources to overcome negative emotions that emerge from conflicts or dysfunctions within their organization. The study has been conducted in Belgium and in France. The research invalids the leading role of cognitive reframing and shows the importance of values both in the “emotion focused” strategy and in the “situation focused” strategy. Values are present in the whole emotional episode, from the triggering event of the negative emotion to the passing of the emotion.
Keywords: émotions, valeurs, stratégies centrées sur l'émotion, stratégies centrées sur la situation, collectifs en agriculture, émotions, values, emotion focused strategy, situation focused strategy, organic farming collectives
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198.More information
User education is defined as a special method of education which allows the individual to better handle a changing society saturated with information. This special type of education must use the methods used in teaching in order to succeed. The formulation, the planification and the implantation of a strategy of instructional activity are described in general terms and are applied to user education considered as an innovative form of pedagogy to be realised in an educational milieu. This global approach is being implemented at the Laval University library. The library visits have been revised in the light of educational theory and are the object of a special program of user education.
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200.More information
Keywords: Pratique réflexive, organisation communautaire, développement des communautés