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The social economy (SE) can be evaluated in terms of its specific contribution to the renewal of the development model. Examining the organizational and institutional dimensions of the SE as well as its capacity to re-articulate social and economic issues helps us better understand its potential and limitations. In particular, it enables us to identify the potential role of the SE in the new modes of provision for the general interest.

Keywords: économie sociale, évaluation, intérêt général, coopérative, organisme à but non lucratif, Social economy, Evaluation, General interest, Co-operative, Non-profit organization, Evaluación, Interés general, Cooperatíva, Organisación sin fines de lucro

SUMMARYIn most studies on the relationships between women's status and rural urban migration, African women are depicted as the passive agents or the victims of decisions made by their fathers and husbands. But times are changing. Rural urban migration can be a component of women's status. Women are now better educated, even in rural Africa, and better integrated into the modern way of life, and it is likely that they will be more and more engaged in rural Io urban migration in the next future. But in order to be integrated in the urban way of life and improve their living conditions, they need to be better skilled and/or have financial capital. Therefore, instead of implementing policies to avoid migration, policy makers must develop comprehensive strategies taking this migration dimension into account, in order to improve women's status.

A review of research on police body-worn cameras (BWCs) reveals that the focus of most studies was narrow and dealt mainly with the possible deterrent effects of BWCs on use of force by police and (mis)behavior by citizens during police-citizen interactions. This paper draws on our published research and the available empirical evidence as well as a few relevant anecdotes to shed light on three woefully under-researched areas relevant to the current support and use of BWCs. These areas are : (1) the marketing and sale of body-camera technology to law enforcement, (2) the use of body-camera footage in police promotional materials, and, last, (3) the use of visual evidence in the courtroom, which increasingly includes materials from police BWCs. We argue that increased understanding of these three areas, supported by additional empirical data, is necessary for a more rounded and critical awareness of how and why BWCs are being implemented by law enforcement agencies. We conclude with a short discussion and offer a few suggestions for future research.

Keywords: Caméras portatives, preuves visuelles, travail de l'image, Axon, Body-worn cameras, Axon, image work, visual evidence, Cámaras corporales llevadas en el cuerpo, Axon, trabajo de imagen, pruebas visuales

The Roma are the largest ethnic minority in Europe, but few studies have focused on delinquency and victimization among them. This article presents the results of exploratory research on the victimization and delinquency of young Romanian Roma in two cities in the French-speaking region of Switzerland. The study follows a mixed approach that combined 130 hours of participant observation with a self-reported delinquency and victimization survey (N=27). The findings show that the most common instances of victimization involve domestic violence, thefts, and verbal assaults related to begging, while the most common offences committed are brawls and domestic violence, which is frequently bidirectional. There is a correlation between crime and victimization, although the range of victimization suffered is larger than that of offences committed. Victims rarely report incidences of victimization to the authorities, even though their perception of the Swiss police is relatively positive. Despite the small sample and the biases related to this kind of research, this work calls attention to several new elements, such as the role of social media in delinquency, the bidirectionality of intimate partner violence, and the low rate at which victimization is reported to the police. It also suggests relevant subjects for future research.

Keywords: Roms, victimisation, délinquance, prévalence vie, reportabilité, Suisse, Roma, victimization, delinquency, life prevalence, reportability, Switzerland, Gitanos rumanos, victimización, delincuencia, prevalencia vida, reportabilidad, Suiza

Within the context of defining postnational political structures, all nation-states must currently face the obligation of redefining their position vis-à-vis the national culture. While the national culture may be seen, from a liberal standpoint, to require no intervention or specific action by the State, it may equally be perceived, on the other hand, to require the State's active support. The history of nationalism has frequently tarnished this latter position, but one could anticipate that, under certain conditions, this State protection would become important, and even necessary. The question becomes, at this stage, to define the markers of such a progressive nationalism adapted to the contemporary context.

This study focuses on obtaining a better understanding of the amount of data required by a crime linkage system to identify serial violent crimes. The key objective of the research was to empirically test and discuss the relevance of reducing the content necessary to use these tools. Data for the current study was extracted from a French violent crime linkage database (ViCLAS). Analysis focused on the most used variables in the context of a sexual assault. Descriptive and factorial analysis were used to identify what kind of information is collected by the police and how it could be reduced by aggregating correlated data. Findings show that approximately 65 % of the types of information collected are used in less than 5 % of sexual assault cases. Results of factorial analysis show that it is possible to drastically reduce the information needed to use the tool effectively. Practical implications of these findings for sexual assault investigations are discussed.

Keywords: Système de gestion des liens, réduction de données, agression sexuelle, efficacité des systèmes, Crime linkage system, data reduction, sexual crime, efficiency of systems, Sistema de gestión de los vínculos, reducción de datos, agresión sexual, eficacidad del sistema

This article starts by recalling the essential features of the biographical approach, the life course paradigm associated with it, and the origins of the Ageven form, a tool developed in the 1980s as part of retrospective study methodology and demographic analysis of biographies. We go on to present a new version of this tool, for use in qualitative analysis, encompassing the individual, familial and contextual levels of observation, and including in addition the pinpointing of sequences in the life stories collected, based on identifying biographical turning points. In this way the Ageven form can be converted into a tool for simultaneously representing and analysing a wide range of qualitative biographical data, and this is illustrated with the example of adolescent maternity in Mexico.

This article is concerned with the question of immigrant families who have settled in regions of Quebec that are considered homogeneous, that is, that have traditionally witnessed little immigrant presence. A study conducted in two Quebec regions, Estrie, and Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, allows for examination of several areas of misunderstanding between immigrants and workers in the field of social services: the family, history, and change. Following this analyis, the article presents an approach to situated intercultural intervention that takes these dimensions into account. This approach makes it possible to identify the educational focuses that should be developed to enable all students to open up to intercultural realities.

This article examines the question of wether there is a way to enhance a teacher's capacity at using research and teaching reflectively which is grounded in a normative conception of what it means to educate a fellow human being. Practical argument, a notion derived from Aristote, is described as a strategy for helping teachers articulate and reconstruct their beliefs about their classroom actions such that they may decide to change their practical reasoning and consequent pratices. A case study of a teacher who participated in a practical argument process is presented. The authors conclude that this process allows teachers to take control of their justifications, and therefore take responsibility for their actions.

AbstractBelonging to the democratic peace theory program research, this article tries to test the relevance of democratic peace theory in the post-cold war world. In particular, the authors subject Huntington's thesis of a coming clash of civilization to a scientific test, and show that knowing that a pair of states is split across civilizational boundaries does not improve our ability to predict whether their relations will be marked by violence beyond what we know from realism and Kantian theory : as a matter of fact, civilizations do not define the fault lines along which international conflicts occur. Concerning the respective relevance of Kantian and realist theories of peace and war, an international system characterized by preponderance of power is associated with more peace than a balance of power system, but less than a democratic zone of peace made of state sharing democratic regimes, trading relations and membership of international organizations.