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This two-part article testifies to certain biases in our “national romance” concerning the role of Native-French relationships in the establishment and social advancement of the French colonists. The intent is to interrogate the meaning and historical significance of this Indigenous presence in and around my family tree, that is my “family romance”. Indeed, when I trace the female lines, intimate relations with Natives clearly appear in marriages, cousins, friendships and ... imperialist exploitation and slavery. In this first part, the cases of female Native ancestors allow us to revisit what we know of the French imperial plan to “make only one people,” by highlighting, on the one hand the project of “frenchification” of the Natives, and on the other hand the “ensauvagement” of the French, that so alarmed French civil and religious authorities of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Keywords: généalogie, Nouvelle-France, Autochtones, femmes, francisation, ensauvagement, roman familial, roman national, genealogy, Nouvelle-France, Natives, women, frenchification, ensauvagement, family romance, national romance

This article present several literary theories which claim the label "ethical". Within the deconstruction movement, particularly active in the United States, Hillis Miller's position is criticised because of its reductive and abstract notion of ethics, which can be seen as a reaction against an over-politicised American campus. In Shoshana Felman's approach, also stemming from deconstruction, ethics and politics are combined in the attempt to describe the marks of (individual and collective) History in literary and daily discourse. Nussbaum and Booth are studied as representatives of an existential criticism, which considers reading as the encounter with the ethos of a text. For Nussbaum, great literature enlightens our human condition and teaches us various ways to live the good life. Ricœur, finally, formulates an hermeneutics in which ethics first appear as the object of analysis, as element of the world built by the text, and then, as an important dimension of the appropriation of the text by the reader. In its various avatars, ehical criticism approaches literature as the expression of an ethos or of a "vision of life", which provides the reader the opportunity to enrich his or her reflection on the fundamental questions of existence, without, however, offering us answers - which would be the aim of a moral criticism.

AbstractThe survival and vitality of the French language in Canada today are influenced by opposing trends towards linguistic épanouissement on the one hand and linguistic attenuation on the other. These contradictory trends are global as well as national. In certain regions of Canada and some parts of the world, the number of Francophones is increasing. In Canada, Francophone linguistic rights have been expanding since the 60s. But several regions outside Quebec are showing disturbing demographic trends that are leading to a general weakening of Francophone communities and a loss of the French language. A case study of one of these threatened regions, such as Saskatchewan, should take into account the external factors that influence this community's internal trends. In particular, these external factors must factor in world trends in the use of French and where Saskatchewan sits within the contradictions of advanced capitalism under the American hegemony.

ABSTRACTThe realm of ethnopsychiatry also includes the cultural dimension of chaos (and the ways of overcoming this chaos) and the analysis of psychic foundations. This original method deals with the "complementarity" between psychoanalysis and anthropology. In doing so, it establishes a new link between the clinician and the patient, between traditional therapies and modern treatments, between the outside (culture) and the inside (psyche). This approach can be successfully applied to the context of migration, particularly to the child who is torn between the culture of his parents and the culture of the host nation.

AbstractThis article examines the type of expertise used by the political and administrative authorities for education in France and how the overture to knowledge produced by researchers and auditors outside the education field interacts with the introduction of new regulation modes. Firstly it presents the main pillars of traditional regulation, as well as the factors explaining their loss of efficacy and the subsequent attempts to elaborate new management tools. In the second part the author will analyze the foundations of the internal monopoly of educational expertise and the echoes heard by the ‘entrepreneurs of knowledge' in their efforts to enlarge the circle of knowledge producers and to diversify the types of knowledge. The article concludes on the need of the political and administrative bodies to format the modalities of overture to external expertise and sketches some paths for comparison with other national contexts.

AbstractCognitive aspects and treatment of delusional disorders This article reviews the cognitive phenomenology of delusional disorders (DD) and examines the current cognitive models. Some case studies have shown considerable promise concerning the utilisation of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of DD, even if this approach is in its infancy. Although the stages of CBT to treat DD are very similar to that of other psychotic disorders, there are also considerable differences. However, it is essential to combine several strategies in order to modify inferences specific to DD. The clinical evaluation of delusions as well as the application of CBT as a treatment is illustrated in two cases with a diagnosis of DD with persecutory subtype. The cases required different time periods for different stages of CBT and highlight the importance of tailoring CBT according to need.

AbstractBenzodiazepine medication is often prescribed for the short-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. The chronic nature of generalized anxiety disorder entails a prolonged use of these psychotropic medication on several months and several years, entailing also a psychological and physical addiction. The current study aims at determining if the combination of a behavioral and cognitive therapy and gradual withdrawal facilitate interrupting the use of benzodiazepine in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. In total, five participants have received the combined intervention according to an experimental protocol of unique case with multiple levels. Four among them have completed the withdrawal plan and have demonstrated important clinical improvements. Data collected during the 3rd and 6th month indicate the preservation of therapeutic gain. These results suggest that behavioral and cognitive therapy facilitates stopping the use of benzodiazepine medication in patients with generalized anxiety disorder by significantly reducing anxious symptoms.