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Studies on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in craft enterprises are rare. Existing works insist on the obstacles of very small companies in terms of CSR: lack of interest, skills, time or financial resources etc. Our article extends these works by looking at the links between the skills and digital uses of craft companies on the one hand and their CSR practices on the other hand. We use a survey conducted by the M@rsouin Observatory among 1 019 craft companies in Brittany, in the building, production, food and services sectors. Our results show that the craft companies that are the most advanced in terms of skills and digital tools are also those that have the most responsible practices (environmentally and socially). Conversely, companies that are far from digital are less committed to CSR practices.

Keywords: RSE, Usages numériques, Transformation numérique, TPE, Artisanat, CSR, Digital uses, Digital transformation, VSEs, Crafts, RSE, Usos digitales, Transformación digital, MPE, Artesanía

AbstractFor the last few decades, the questions of medicine and public health have been reorganized around changes that make health a veritable norm. From discreet entities with constant variables, the two elements of the health/sickness pair are henceforth set out on a continuum limited at one end by the hard core of proven sickness and on the other, by its antinomic value, namely perfect health. Between these poles, the identification of risk levels constitutes the main means of reconfiguring the notion of prevention on the basis of increased recourse to medication. Using three cases as illutration : high blood pressure, depression and erectile dysfunction, this paper shows how the evolution in clinical reasoning, the arrival of new medication and the mobilization of public health combine to substitute the relationship of functions proper to medical reasonings for the relationship of sense that characterises the dynamics in society.

Based on interviews held between 1971 and 2010, this text traces the evolution of the popular notion of recreation, with an emphasis on transformations of the terms used and on changes with regard to the range of activities discussed. Over time, the terms became diversified, if not specialized, and the activities were increasingly described in more detail. As such, the interviews show that recreation had assumed its place in society, to the point even of being recognized as a “need” for the affirmation of values concerning individuality, personal growth and well-being. The interviews moreover reveal significant generational differences. The notion of leisure was more triumphant in meanings in the seventies, more centered on the importance of work during the economic crisis of the eighties, nowadays geared toward young parents'adolescents key activities and a presentation of self as a generation in full glory with the babyboomers.

Keywords: loisir, significations, activités, générations, recreation, notions, activities, generations

The goal of this study is to examine the respective importance of school and classroom effects on students' motivation and achievement. 7433 junior and senior high school students enrolled in 54 public schools from the province of Quebec agreed to participate. Results of the multilevel analyses showed that the variance of school effects on students' motivation ranged from 0,2 % to 2,5 % whereas the variance of the effects of classroom ranged from 2,0 % to 7,2 %. Although the school effect on students' achievement was also weaker than the effect of the classroom, both effects were stronger than they were on motivation.

Keywords: effet-école, effet-classe, motivation, environnement scolaire, analyse multiniveau, school effect, classroom effect, motivation, school environment, multilevel analysis, efecto escuela, efecto clase, motivación, ámbito escolar, análisis multiniveles

AbstractThis article discusses the relationship of writing and translation in Canadian feminist poetics, specifically experimental. As feminist poetics collapsing the boundaries between theory and creative act, “writing as translation” is a mode of articulation for female subjectivity and a strategy for oppositional poetics. The article engages with the practice of “writing as translation” in the works of two leading avant-garde artists, the francophone Nicole Brossard and the anglophone Daphne Marlatt, located respectively in Montreal and Vancouver. Building on the groundbreaking critical work of Barbara Godard, Kathy Mezei and Sherry Simon, it situates these practices in the socio-political and intellectual context of the 1970s and 1980s, which witnessed the emergence of women's movements, feminist communities and feminist criticism, and in relation to the politics of translation in Canada. This historicization is necessary not only to understand the innovative work of Canadian feminist poetics but also the political dissemination of a feminist culture bringing together English and French Canada.

Keywords: gender, writing, and translation, feminist theory, politics of translation in Canada, feminist communities, experimental writing, écriture, traduction au féminin, théorie féministe, politiques de la traduction au Canada, communautés féministes, écriture expérimentale

AbstractTranslating modes are linked to historical periods as well as to connected philosophies of history. Among them transhistoricism aims to create a dialogue between distant historical situations, keeping from the past what is still relevant and enlightening both translated and translating worlds. This paper presents several philosophical and literary perspectives on transhistoricism, revisiting the notions of empathy and sacredness and their application for translation studies.

Keywords: historicisme, temporalité, empathie, culture, altérité, historicism, temporality, empathy, culture, otherness

AbstractGeorge Eliot never enjoyed a great success in France, and it is precisely this reception phenomenon that brought me to study the French translations of her work. The Mill on the Floss, her second novel, has been translated six times into French and we examine three translations in this article: the first is by François D'Albert-Durade (1863), the second is by Lucienne Molitor (1957) and the last, by Alain Jumeau (2003). It seems that an aspect of the Eliotian prose resists translation into French. It is the multiplicity of voices in the novel that creates this resistance – among which the 19th Century English peasant sociolectal voice is the most important. By studying the voice of one character, as well as the narrative voice, this article presents a confrontation of three translations covering a period of a century and a half, thus revealing the translative journey of a Victorian novel in France.

Keywords: réception, traduction, George Eliot, sociolecte, époque victorienne, reception, translation, George Eliot, sociolect, Victorian period

This article describes collective work among teachers of traditionally male trades in vocational training in Quebec as well as obstacles to teachers' collective work. As part of the interpretative paradigm, this exploratory study is based on the model of the work situation centered on the person in activity and aims to suggest transformations of the work situation that improve the health and well-being of teachers. A qualitative methodological framework was utilized. Interviews and observations were conducted with 12 teachers from diverse backgrounds. Analysis of the results reveals that collective work involves various forms of interaction (mutual assistance, collaboration and cooperation) that allow teachers to collaborate, to develop new skills and to regulate their workload. However, this collective work is undermined by organizational and social factors; some of which affect all teachers while others are specific to women.

Keywords: travail collectif, enseignement en formation professionnelle, métier à prédominance masculine, genre, ergonomie de l'activité, collective work, teaching in vocational education, male-dominated profession, gender, ergonomics, Trabajo colectivo, enseñanza en formación profesional, oficio de predominancia masculina, género, ergonomía de la actividad

Acadians from the South-East region of New Brunswick are confronted with assimilation pressures from Anglophones and the demands of a French standard. The rejection-identification model (Branscombe, Schmitt, and Harvey, 1999) and the self concept model (Taylor, 1997, 2002) are tested in order to examine how adolescents of Acadian heritage respond to social disadvantage. Overall, 36 Acadian adolescents from the South-East region of New Brunswick participated in a semi-structured interview. Participants expressed a burden of inferiority next to Francophones from Québec. Different views were expressed concerning attitudes towards Anglophones that resulted in six identity profiles. Results supported the influence of majority out-groups on the collective identity trajectory of Acadian youth. In addition, the analysis revealed that youth who have reported a bilingualwith anEnglish orientation profile were more likely to experience difficulties with their psychological well-being.

Keywords: profils identitaires collectifs, bien-être psychologique, adolescents d'origine acadienne, collective identity profiles, psychological well-being, adolescents of Acadian origin

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of the distinctiveness of Canadian research methods by looking first at the broad pattern of methods used in empirical articles published in leading Canadian journals from the 1960s, how these have changed over time, and how they have differed between francophone and anglophone Canada. Issues of US influence raised by the earlier Canadianisation debate are also addressed. It is found that for the more recent period gender differences which cut across these ‘national' divisions have been the more salient. The net effect is that the total Canadian pattern has something in common with that recorded for other countries, although at a more detailed level there are specifically Canadian or québécois effects. Reasons for the similarities and differences are discussed.