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SummaryThis text study the link between sociological production relating to minority Francophone communities in Canada and the modes of integration present within these communities. We attempt to demonstrate how the difficulties inherent in the creation of a sociological field i.e. the process of reporting on the particular manner in which these communities are structured, confirm a fragmentation within the identity process itself. In fact, the nationalitarian claim of their collective identity calls indiscriminately and in turn on attributes of the order of nations groups and of ethnic groups. If, for these reasons, sociology can not aspire to conceptual unity, it is in assuming this difficult position, between ethnic group and nation, that it has the best chance to bring light to the complexity of the identity issue within nationalitarian groups.

In this article we examine the state of the financial profession in the top Canadianuniversities based on the scientific contribution of faculty members as measuredby the number of citations their publications receive. We concentrate our analysis on articles published since 2000 in refereed scientificand professional outlets. We find that Canadian universities can be classified inthree groups depending on their output. In the first group, by itself, we find theRotman School of the University of Toronto. McGill, HEC Montréal, UBC, Yorkand Alberta compose the second group. All other universities are found in thethird group since their research production in finance in significantly lower thanwhat we find in what I call the six original Canadian universities in finance.

Research Framework: Inequalities in access to childcare for young children are particularly strong in France. We analyze them through the question of the non-recourse to rights and services (Warin,   2016) in order to think about families' childcare arrangements in relation to a local public offer. Objectives: The objective is to research the different ways in which working-class mothers choose to care for their children when faced with a very inadequate public supply of early childhood care and an allocation criteria that are not favourable to them. Methodology: The empirical survey is based on comprehensive interviews that were carried out with mothers (N = 27) in three working-class neighbourhoods in a city with very few childcare facilities. Results: The analysis shows different forms of non-use that mothers have of childcare facilities. These forms are linked to the social and professional situations they are confronted with, that is in connection with an inadequate local supply: an assumed or asserted non-demand; a lack of information and knowledge of the supply and administrative procedures; a failure to offer and receive alternative proposals to the crèche, informal childcare by relatives or under the table. As their children grow older, mothers express increasing needs for care that are specifically at their development and socialization, and not only the needs related to their professional activity. Conclusions: The difficulties encountered by mothers raise questions about the quantity and quality of municipal childcare provision, as well as the cobbling together of formal and informal childcare solutions. Contribution: To understand whether or not mothers have recourse to extra-familial childcare, we emphasize the importance of simultaneously taking into account the situation of the local supply with which they are directly confronted and their own social and professional situation.

Keywords: petite enfance, mère, quartier populaire, accueil extrafamilial, garde des enfants, non-recours, conciliation famille-travail, besoin de l'enfant, early childhood, mother, out-of-home care, childcare, non-recourse, family-work balance, working-class neighbourhood, child's needs, primera infancia, madre, barrio popular, cuidados extrafamiliares, puericultura, no utilización, conciliación familia-trabajo, necesidades del niño

While Indigenous studies are characterized by the growing visibility of some First Nations poetsand writers in Canada, it is possible to identify aesthetic innovations that, beyond poetry and the novel, integrate more strongly the point of view of the recipients. This is the case of the dialogue initiated by Natasha Kanapé Fontaine and Deni Ellis Béchard dealing with racism and ignorance of the history of the First Nations, including that of the Innu nation. By connecting to a classic epistolary tradition, Natasha Kanapé Fontaine and Deni Ellis Béchard invite Quebec people to reconsider the history of their country by taking into account the legacy of the First Nations. This exchange of letters takes the form of a lively conversation and is used as a form of didactization of the debates of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada on the systematic abuses committed in residential schools. This Commission issued its report in 2015 shortly before the publication of Kuei, My Friend by pointing out the roots of institutionalized racism. While indigenous literature undoubtedly asserts itself as an act of cultural survival, it seems that this dialogue is more inhabited by the creation of empathy. Using the methods ofnonviolent communication, the article analyzes the way in which this work strengthens zntercommunity relations in Québec from the perspective of intercultural pedagogy. The article focuses on the editorial peritext, the musicality of the dialogue made up of chorus, refrains and comments with the discovery of the last letters. What is the contract offered to the reader by both protagonists in the twenty-six letters? Then, the attention on learning the keywords of the Innu language to correspond and finally on the metaphors used by both authors to build the path of recognition. The hypothesis is the one of a remembrance which is not an accusatory memory, but a memory reincorporating the forgetting of these communities. This empathy embodies in fact the question of reconciliation of memories.

Keywords: reconcliation, reconciliation, communication nonviolente, nonviolent communication, First Nations, Premières Nations, racisme, racism, décolonisation, decolonialism

Research Framework: In the context of the mission of a pediatric liaison team specializing in pediatric palliative care (PPC) in Belgium, this article analyzes the decision-making issues in the face of the best interests of the child in a study of two complex clinical cases that impacted this team and made them question their professional approach. Objective: This article highlights the notion of the best interests of the child based on decision-making issues related to his/her health. When parents and the health care team disagree about the treatment of a child in pediatric palliative care, we will analyze the issues related to the shared decision-making process (SDP) and the ethical factors to identify avenues of understanding and their solutions. Methodology: We have chosen as a method the study of 2 complex clinical cases experienced at home by a liaison team specialized in PPC. This qualitative method makes it possible to analyze the situation in its singularity and globality. It is an intrinsic case study, based on a practical problem encountered, a personal confrontation with a given complex professional situation (Duport, 2020). Results: Our research exposes the complexity of the decision-making trajectory and the need to take into account the systems of influence in decision-making, as well as the importance for the care team to step back and have an ethical reading grid adapted to the given situation. Conclusions: The management of a seriously ill child followed in a PPC is progressive and non-linear. Formalized shared decision-making (SDP) between the doctor, the child and his parents, and the health care team allows for the consideration of all the components involved in this process and aims to respect the best interests of the child. The different criteria create a climate of trust that is essential for the proper care of the child. Contributions: Blocking in the therapeutic relationship is a symptom of loss of trust with the risk of withdrawal, but systems can sometimes self-generate their own solution, which demonstrates the importance of developing and training teams in the shared decision-making approach.

Keywords: liaison pédiatrique, prise de décision partagée, intérêt supérieur de l'enfant, étude de cas, soins palliatifs pédiatriques, pediatric liaison, shared decision-making, best interests of the child, case study, pediatric palliative care, enlace pediátrico, toma de decisiones compartida, interés superior des niño, estudio de caso, cuidados paliativos pediátricos

This paper focuses on strategies deployed by women and discourses of women’s collective action in the #BeatThePot strike which took place alongside popular protests against Mugabe and the failures of ZANU-PF led government in Zimbabwe. Using Judith Butler’s ideas on “bodies in alliance and the politics of the street,” I theorize how women as gendered “bodies congregate, move, speak and strike together as they claim public space into political spaces” (2015, 70). I interrogate women’s use of embodiment as a strategy involving the metaphor of both the “labouring mothering body” and as “bodies that strike,” which demonstrates how women in Zimbabwe confronted violent political, economic, and socio-cultural limits imposed on their bodies. In this strike, women challenged the silencing of women’s public political work and refused to be relegated to the invisible margins of domesticized and undervalued reproductive labour. Thus, through the #BeatThePot protest, I demonstrate how women in Zimbabwe have engaged in body work to a confront violent regime and how they have borne on their bodies violent reprisal through sexual attacks, abductions, incarcerations, torture, and even loss of life. The paper concludes that the feminized body is a site of violent struggle for autonomy and that through collective action women in Zimbabwe have sought to confront and transform the repressive state.

Keywords: grève féministe, feminist strike, travail reproductif, reproductive labour, protestation, protests, gendered violence, violence, sexospécifique, Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe

The article analyzes the Polish anarcho-feminist idea of protest against gender-based violence during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Examining the oral history interviews with activists and grassroots cultural productions dating from the period of political transformation, such as zines, leaflets, and graphic images, the article focuses on various strategies and concepts of a feminist strike. These different historical sources emphasize multiple inspirations for the protest strategies employed by the analyzed collectives, including the tradition of women’s strikes during the socialist era, youth demonstrations of the 1960s, and Anglo-American feminism. They also enable revisiting the emotional dynamics and meanings of violence that emerged from the anarcho-feminist archival materials and memories of individual activists.

Keywords: anarcha-féminisme, anarcho-feminism, Pologne, Poland, transformation politique, political transformation, protestation, protest, violence, violence, zine

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) has been the subject of many studies and reflections over the years. Given our realization that there are very few tools for studying CPS in an authentic context, we thought it would be relevant to propose one. This article presents the steps that led to the design of a CPS observation grid. Based on Strayer and Gauthier’s (1982) model, we present the process structured in three parts: the descriptive phase, the exploratory phase, and the systematic evaluation. This last phase, conducted with the help of a videography device, was carried out with 109 primary school students in three Quebec schools. Composed of three dimensions through which 15 indicators are distributed, this grid offers an interesting perspective on the qualitative and interpretative observation of the mobilization of CPS skills. This tool makes it possible to calculate frequencies, but also to interpret the behaviours associated with each of the indicators in order to formulate hypotheses or to allow school personnel to orient their interventions or teaching practices according to the needs of the students.

Keywords: Observation grid, grille d’observation, Problem solving, résolution de problèmes, Collaboration, collaboration, RCP, CPS, Programming, programmation

1983 marked a first turning point in the career of director David Cronenberg who chose to turn to literary adaptations rather than original screenplays. However, whatever the relationship he has with the adapted material (King, Ballard, etc.), the figure of William Burroughs remains a constant in his work: an Ur-text. Cronenberg is, in fact, a “Burroughsian” director (a term that it is up to us to define) in all of his adaptations, including the most personal, and the influence of the American writer, of whom he is a reader, is found even in Consumed, a novel by the Canadian published in 2014. We will thus analyze the paradoxical relationship between Cronenberg and Burroughs, the filmmaker taking charge of the impact of the novelist as much in his style as in his themes, while seeking to move away from any imitation and searching for a voice which is unique to him. Also, 1991 is a second turning point in the career of the director who, by adapting Naked Lunch, a novel considered unadaptable by William Burroughs, decides to confront his inevitable model while freeing himself, to a large extent, from the source text. In doing so, Cronenberg definitely plays with the rules of adaptation but also, and perhaps above all, of transgression, and invents a new kind of transposition which says as much about the figure of the insurmountable writer as about that of the artist who questions the mechanisms of the creative process, contagion and authority.

Keywords: David Cronenberg, David Cronenberg, William S. Burroughs, William S. Burroughs, adaptation cinématographique, movie adaptation, cinéma, cinema, cut-up, cut-up