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The aim of this article is to analyze, as has been done with adults in their professional field, how young people in school perceive their work environment. The main objective is to study the operationalization of the theoretical model “Job Demands-Resources (JD-R)” of Demerouti and al. (2001) in the school context. The secondary objective is to validate a scale adapted to the school context that makes it possible to determine the level of both demands and resources as perceived by the students within the school. In a first study, a scale was adapted, then administered, to 414 middle and high school students. The results of exploratory and then confirmatory factor analyses indicated a two-dimensional structure (demands/resources) with three items each (physical, motivational and cognitive) in accordance with the original version. The psychometric properties of the scale were found to be satisfactory. Using causal path analyses, the second study with 56 students highlighted the relationship between the JD-R model transposed to schools and school burnout. The results collected at three points in time reveal that the demands and resources at T1 predict those at T2, as was assumed. However, only resources at T2 predict burnout at T3. In the end, the process analysis reveals the effects of students' perceived level of resources at T1 on school burnout at T3, but indicates no significant effect of demands. In conclusion, the model was partially validated showing relationships between changes in demands, resources and their effects on burnout.

Keywords: élèves du secondaire, secondary school students, exigences, demands, resources, ressources, school burnout, épuisement scolaire, burnout

The management of occupational risks can be examined in two aspects: the prevention in the workplace and the compensation program of the accidents and occupational diseases. Intrinsically linked, these two approaches are however regularly put in opposition by different actors in the field. This contribution explores the relationship between the logics of prevention and compensation in the French legislation. Presented as antagonistic, they are no less complementary. The demonstration is based on the study of occupational cancers, an example which par excellence makes it possible to question the difficulties in linking these two aspects.

Keywords: Risques professionnels, Occupational hazards; disease; cancer; compensation; prevention, maladie, cancer, indemnisation, prévention

Domestic violence (DV) is an important issue for workplaces, both from the point of view of productivity and workplace safety. However, in Québec and Canada, the concept of DV as a dimension of occupational health and safety (OHS) is relatively recent. Few studies on DV and work focus on interventions, and even fewer on those of a preventive nature. This study contributes to filling this gap. It presents the results of a series of interviews with key informants in different Canadian jurisdictions where OHS legislation addresses DV. The study suggests that, for legislation to achieve its goal, awareness of DV in workplaces is an essential element. In addition, community resources specialized in DV have a crucial role to play in the implementation of the legislation.

Keywords: Violence conjugale, Domestic violence, Santé et sécurité du travail, Occupational Health and Safety, Femmes, Women and Regulation, Régulation

Short food supply chains are of great interest because they highlight the emergence of an agricultural system that is less industrial, is geographically embedded, and provides food for local communities. In this article, we examine the economic, social, and spatial importance of such supply chains in Quebec today. While still representing a small share of the total food supply and demand, short food supply chains, nevertheless, play an important role in establishing new farmers. Contrary to expectations, farms that market through these channels are not only found in peri-urban areas, but are spread across all regions of Quebec and have even contributed significantly to the re-emergence of agriculture in so-called remote regions. However, keeping such farms afloat is a daily struggle. Although viewed as instrumental in spearheading the socioecological transition in agriculture, farms within short food supply chains continue to face many challenges that limit their ability to offer practical alternatives to consumers. Overcoming these challenges is not only the responsibility of farmers who choose this marketing path. Consumers, communities, and the State, each in their way, can do their part to support the development of such farms.

Keywords: Short food supply chains, Circuits courts alimentaires, vente directe, Direct marketing, vente indirecte, International food channels, Local food systems, systèmes alimentaires locaux, Québec (Province), Québec (Province)

Since the 1950s, the place of food in the budget of Quebec households has been continuously reduced, in competition with other budget items. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting inflation have changed the situation, especially for the most precarious. To apprehend the household food budget, two approaches are traditionally used. The first assesses what households spend on average, based on basic food items. The second calculates what a healthy diet should cost. These two approaches are useful, but they ignore the situation of the poorest households, as well as tastes and food cultures. This article aims to present the reflection and the original results of an exploratory survey carried out in the community environment of the metropolitan region of Montreal. What we will call the decent food budget is a new indicator for understanding the cost of a diet that is more in line with tastes and food cultures. This work aims to pave the way to new demands for food in low-income households.

Keywords: Budget alimentaire, Food Budget, sécurité alimentaire, Food Security, bonne alimentation, Good nutrition, Market Basket Measure (MBM), panier de provision nutritif, panier de consommation (MPC), Nutritious Food Basket

Today's organizations face increasingly high performance requirements while at the same time promoting the well-being and satisfaction of their employees. Indeed, managing psychological health problems in the workplace has become a formidable challenge for these organizations. Recognizing that current models do not meet the demand, this study proposes an innovative model based on the congruence of perceptions to explain individual outputs such as mental health, satisfaction and performance, as well as organizational outputs such as organizational productivity and efficiency. The proposed model, based on Higgins' concept of self-contradiction and Caplan's congruence theory, explores the triadic relationships of congruence of employee perceptions about the characteristics of work and organization. The study included 201 French-speaking workers between the ages of 19 and 70 who filled in a quantitative questionnaire. This article provides the results of this research and their implications, while suggesting the importance of reducing the extreme differences in perceptions to improve employee health and satisfaction, as well as organization efficiency and productivity.

Keywords: modèle d'autocontradiction, congruence des perceptions, santé psychologique, satisfaction au travail, efficacité et productivité organisationnelles

This study is a critical analysis of the penal reform project put forward by the Canadian Commission on Sentencing from the point of view of moderation. The author first considers the Commission's position in the penological debate between the Medical Model and the Justice Model. He then analyses the “new theory on sanctions” proposed by the Commission, as well as its position on “community measures” and on the ideal of rehabilitation. Finally, his analysis focuses on a number of the Commission's major recommendations for reform, its policy in terms of maximum and minimum sentences, the new “exceptional sentence” (intended to replace the present measures regarding “dangerous criminals”), its position on imprisonment of “twenty-five years' minimum” and its general guidelines for Canada. In conclusion, the author make an evaluation of the orientation of the Commission's reform with respect to the principle of moderation.

SummaryThis article presents a comparative critique of the rationalization of the public system of broadcasting and Canadian and Quebec lifeworlds. A theory of the culture and the politics of the public sphere is developped from Taylor's concept of the politics of recognition and Habermas's dual concept of society as system and lifeworld. The political impass between Canada and Quebec and the possible dismantling of the CBC/SRC are considered from the point of view of this problematic. A review of the role of the SRC as a steering mechanism for Canadian society is developped from a review of the secondary literature and, finally, a plea is made for a new Global Radio-Quebec that would replace Radio-Canada and provide a key institution for developing a new social pact in an independent Quebec.

Keywords: rationalisation, reconnaisance, système de régulation, monde vécu, espace public, Radio-Canada, Radio-Québec Global, Canada, Québec, projet de société, rationalization, recognition, steering mechanism, lifeworld, public sphere, The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Global Radio-Quebec, Canada, Quebec, social pact, racionalización, reconocimiento, sistema de regulación, mundo vivido, espacio público, Radio-Canadá, Radio-Quebec Global, Canadá, Québec, proyecto de sociedad

SummaryThe concept of wage earner relation (rapport salarial) is original and helpful to understand the models of societies or enterprises. However, it is too comprehensive. It is suggested to distinguish two dimensions in that relation: the organisation (division and coordination of work) and the institution (social compromise), and further to complete the regulation approach by adding a relation of consumption which allows to include the relation between the citizens-users-consumers and the enterprises or state agencies. Lastly, a critical examination of the relation between structure and agents shows that the notions of reproduction and regulation must not be confused.