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AbstractIn this article, we argue that biopolitical sovereignty and the political theory about the state of exception, often derived from the thought of Carl Schmitt, are not sufficient analytical indicators if we seek to understand the politics of global utility of bodies, control over life or the living, and abusive authority and violence that appear to dominate International Relations practices today. To better capture the singularity of the international present, we suggest that an Arendtian political theoretical approach, more carefully tuned to the politics and policies of absolute or totalitarian violence and terror, is necessary. By revisiting Arendt's thought about violence and political agony, we reconceptualize sovereign practices as matters of « agonal sovereignty ».

Keywords: souveraineté, biopolitique, Schmitt, souveraineté agonale, exception, sovereignty, biopolitics, Schmitt, agonal sovereignty, exception

In recent years, a significant amount of research has been done on the varieties of spoken French in Western Canada. Much remains to be done, nonetheless, and it is important to continue to collect, describe and analyze data, as we seek to present an accurate portrait of the Francophone communities in Western Canada. This has been the principal objective of this team of six researchers working on the particularities of each variety of Western Canadian French and on each community where the language is spoken. Moving from East to West (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta) and serving as a foundation for further research, this paper offers a descriptive survey of current research activities in the field and suggests ways to reflect on the interpretation of both existing and newly-collected spoken language corpuses. The variety of corpuses presented here allows for further analysis in connection with other large-scale projects (PFC – Le français à la mesure d'un continent), in an effort to enrich our knowledge of the many varieties of French in the Francophone world.

Objectives This article aims to synthesize the critical stages in the development of early detection and intervention services (EIS) for psychosis over the past 30 years, and to review key literature on the essential components and effectiveness of these programs.Method We conducted a narrative review of the literature on the international development of EIS leading to its endorsement as a service delivery model for young people with first-episode psychosis (FEP). We also reviewed various international and Canadian guidelines to identify consensus about the essential components of EIS for psychosis and their effectiveness. Challenges to the implementation of these different essential components are presented, along with practical solutions to addressing them. A particular emphasis is placed on implementing EIS in the Quebec context.Results Based on a model developed in the early 1990s, EIS for psychosis have now been disseminated worldwide and are deployed on a large scale in some regions, such as the United Kingdom and Quebec. The model's gradual expansion has been facilitated by efforts to identify its main objectives and the components essential to achieve them, and by several studies demonstrating its effectiveness.Along with an important philosophical shift to optimism and hope, EIS have typically focused on the twin aims of reducing treatment delay (or the duration of untreated psychosis) and enhancing engagement in specialized, phase-specific, developmentally appropriate treatment. A meta-analysis (published in 2018) demonstrated the superiority of EIS for psychosis compared to standard treatment on several outcomes including hospitalizations, relapse of symptoms, treatment discontinuation, and vocational and social functioning. Based on these studies and expert consensus, many jurisdictions around the world have developed guidelines to ensure compliance with essential components that are associated with the effectiveness of EIS, while accounting for their contextual realities. The components that have been prioritized include outreach to enable early identification and referral; rapid access to care and youth-friendly services; a range of biopsychosocial interventions (pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, family interventions, integrated substance use interventions, employment and educational support); a shared-decision making approach; and the intensive case management approach adapted to FEP, which are all delivered by an interdisciplinary team. There is also increasing acknowledgement of the value of continuous evaluation that informs treatment decision-making and quality improvement. Conclusion EIS for psychosis have developed gradually and research has demonstrated its effectiveness. Disseminating the model in ways that ensure fidelity to its core values and the implementation of its essential components is needed to ensure effectiveness; and instill hope for recovery and improve the quality of lives of young people with psychosis and their families.

Keywords: intervention précoce, détection précoce, premier épisode psychotique, composantes essentielles, implantation de programme, early intervention, early detection, first-episode psychosis, essential components, program implementation

AbstractRight-wing extremism in the United States is examined in relation to the continual upheavals that have shaken the American social structure. Historical analysis of these movements reveals a striking parallelism between the convulsions American political life is undergoing presently, and periods of the past that were similarly marked by waves of religious and racial fanaticism. The author establishes the regularity with which extremist movements arise, and emphasizes the recurrent themes of prejudice and supposed conspiracies that are present in the explanations given by such movements for the social changes America has undergone and continues to undergo. He sheds light also on the conditions that lead to the emergence of right-wing movements, and attempts to explain the fact that most of them declined rapidly, whereas the factors that gave rise to them appear as constants of the American political scene.

This article analyzes issues relating to the retention of lawyers in private sector law firms. It is based on a longitudinal survey of lawyers working in Ontario law firms over a 20-year period. Referencing exponential and segmented survival models, the article examines the organizational and cultural factors that drive lawyers to leave the firms with which they are associated. Research findings reveal a gender difference that cannot be explained by differences in human capital, organizational characteristics or job satisfaction levels. Results indicate that corporate culture is a determining factor in the rate of retention ; in fact, the ability to keep talent is a function of several factors, such as a lawyer's personal sense of compatibility or “fit” with the culture of the firm at which he or she is employed, individual satisfaction with reward opportunities, the existence of flexible work hours and the contribution of mentors.

Keywords: Cabinet d'avocats, collégialité, mentors, rétention, Law firms, collegiality, mentors, retention, Bufete de abogados, colegialidad, mentores, permanencia

This article aims to present the research conducted in recent years by a multidisciplinary team on the questions of land-use conflict, and to reveal the methodology of survey and data collection, as well as the structure of the resulting database. We first define the scope of our study by providing a definition of these conflicts, of their characteristics and motives, of the ways they manifest themselves and of the actors involved. We then present the methodology we have used to identify conflicts ; a methodology based on a spatial analysis and the combined use of different data collection methods including surveys conducted by experts, analyses of the regional daily press and of data from the administrative litigation courts. Finally we present the Conflicts data base©, with its tables and nomenclatures, in which the data collected in different fields is reconciled and analysed (III), before providing a few examples of how this method can be used to analyse the case of the Greater Paris Region.

Keywords: Conflits, Méthodologie, base de données, presse quotidienne, contentieux, entretiens, Conflicts, Methodology, data base, daily press, litigation, surveys