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This article focuses on biliteracy among bi/multilingual students in a Quebec context, particularly those from minority or minoritized language groups. We emphasize the importance of taking into account the biliteracy abilities of allophone students in the teaching practice, especially regarding their effects on the teaching-learning of the language. The interest is to shed light on the understanding that education stakeholders may have biliteracy, particularly those working in a bi/multilingual environment, and to bring out new lines of questioning. First is the question of literacy, a complex and variable concept that is currently undergoing a major conceptual expansion, reflecting a diversity of positions among researchers. We then look at biliteracy, which we consider from the angle of a non-dichotomous concept regarding abilities in bi/pluraliteracy. This very complex concept seems very little mobilized in Quebec. However, it raises important didactical issues, in particular the transfer of knowledge and literacy skills from one language to another, as well as the place occupied by the linguistic and cultural resources of bi/multilingual students in the classroom. In perspective, we briefly explore an operational framework for studying biliteracy in schools.

This study has a triple objective : 1- To determine the number, form and degree of overlap of typical trajectories of participation in gambling and the consumption of psychotropic substances among a sampling of twins at the beginning of adolescence ; 2- To verify the similarities and differences in regard to the genetic and environmental architecture of the gambling and psychotropic substance consumption trajectories ; 3- To determine the risk factors associated, in a predictive manner, with single or mixed trajectories of gambling and drug consumption. The final sampling was composed of 213 pairs of twins (122 monozygotic pairs and 91 dizigotic pairs of the same sex) raised in the same family. The data concerning gambling and drug consumption was gathered at the ages of 13, 14 and 15 years using self-administered measurement tools. The data concerning risk factors affected personal factors (that is, impulsiveness) and family factors measured at pre-adolescence. Analysis of the trajectories indicated two trajectories concerning participation in gambling and two concerning consumption of psychotropic substances. Genetically informative analyses also demonstrated that the trajectories concerning participation in gambling and consumption of psychotropic substances are mainly controlled by genetics. Lastly, analyses of regression revealed differences in the variables associated in a predictive manner to the single or mixed trajectories of gambling and psychotropic substance consumption. These results are considered in the light of changes in the DSM-V which establish a relation between problems involving gambling and the consumption of psychotropic substances.

Keywords: jeux de hasard, psychotropes, génétique, trajectoires, adolescence, gambling, psychotropic substances, genetics, trajectories, adolescence, juegos de azar, psicotrópicos, genética, trayectorias, adolescencia

Alcohol use is linked to approximately 30 % of all fatal traffic crashes. In many jurisdictions, evaluation and treatment programs for offenders are in place to reduce alcohol misuse and recidivism. Due to its brevity, Motivational Interviewing (MI) has captured the attention of the clinical community. This systematic review of the scientific literature examines the effectiveness of MI for secondary and tertiary prevention of driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) in offenders and in drivers recruited from hospital settings following a traffic crash – with a specific focus directed at young drivers. Search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and PubMed databases covering the 1983−2014 period identified 11 studies that described randomization to experimental and control groups. Bias in results was examined using the Cochrane Collaboration protocol. Meta-analysis was not appropriate given significant disparities between studies. Despite the limited number of studies (n = 6), the findings were judged promising for effectiveness in MI among recidivists and patients seen in hospital settings with alcohol problems. Four of these studies were evaluated to possess moderate or little methodological bias. Results were mixed in studies (n = 5) with young offenders and first-time DWI offenders in which problem alcohol use was not a recruitment inclusion criterion. Only one of these studies possessed little methodological bias. Additional randomized controlled trials conducted and reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement are needed to establish MI's effectiveness in secondary and tertiary prevention of DWI in young drivers and first-time offenders. Confirmation is needed for its effectiveness in recidivists and injured patients recruited from hospital settings.

Keywords: consommation d'alcool, conduite avec les capacités affaiblies par l'alcool, traitement, entretien motivationnel, contrevenants et patients, jeunes adultes, alcohol use, driving while impaired by alcohol, treatment, motivational interviewing, offenders and patients, young adults, consumo de alcohol, manejo con las capacidades disminuidas por el alcohol, tratamiento, entrevista motivacional, contraventores y pacientes, jóvenes adultos

A critical reflection on the legal, political and discursive mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion delimiting the norms of Japanese subjectivity, the current article aims to push beyond the conceptual and typological limitations of the literature on Japanese minorities, multicultural Japan, and multi-ethnic citizenship. Working from a feminist intersectional analysis of diversity that understands nation, race, culture, gender and hetero-normativity as mutually constitutive systems of oppression, we look also to the comparative literature on multinational democracy as a more comprehensive approach to thinking about the complex intranational and multinational diversity constituting contemporary Japanese citizenship. Through a genealogical exploration of Japan's colonial past, and a case study of a contemporary multinational marriage between a Japanese woman and a Zainichi Korean resident, we uncover and critically explore the juridical and political contradictions about subjectivity and belonging across multiple axes (nation, diaspora peoples, indigeneity, minorities, race, multiculturalism, gender and sexuality) that are actively reproduced and perpetuated through the Japanese family registry system and nationality law.

Keywords: Citoyenneté japonaise, démocratie multinationale, diversité, genre, multiculturalisme, Japanese citizenship, multinational democracy, diversity, gender, multiculturalism

The Report of the Quebec Task Force on Accessibility to Justice entitled Steps Toward a Greater Accessibility to Justice was submitted in September 1991. Its various recommendations treated subjects as disparate as legal aid, pre-paid legal insurance, the small claims court, alternative dispute resolution, legal information and education, and the special needs of non-mainstream groups such as cultural communities and aboriginal peoples. This essay situates the various recommendations of the Task Force within the larger debate about dejuridicization, dejudi-cialization and preventive law which is animating Quebec jurists today. It also raises certain challenges to our current conception of legal justice flowing from the post-modern critique of society. The essay concludes with a number of suggestions for broadening our conception of access to justice which were discussed by the Task Force but which were not the object of any formal recommendations.

Food security quality has become current events headliner over the past years. Serious food-chain crises, such as the « mad cow » disease and strong growth in the production of genetically engineered organisms (GEO), have become a constant source of worry for peoples everywhere. As such, governments have had to implement national standards to ensure the innoxiousness of consumer goods while respecting the rules of international trade. To meet this challenge, member countries of the European Union (EU), Canada and Quebec have implemented traceability systems to achieve these two objectives, sometimes difficult to reconcile. By analyzing examples of GEOs and meat processing, the reader will understand how traceability now occupies a central place in agro-food law both in the EU and Canada. Indeed, it does seem that traceability is currently the generally recognized means for meeting consumers' food security demands.

AbstractThe sustainability issues offer considerable possibilities for sustainability-oriented innovations (SOI) to firms. To take advantage of it managers must be involved in the development of these innovations by playing three main roles: sustainable champion, sustainable entrepreneur and sustainable leader. The trait approach used to reveal these roles is insufficient to understand how managers succeed in developing SOI in various contexts. We propose a behavioral approach to answer this question while insisting on the complementary relationship between the three roles. At the end of the exploration of two case of SOI made by SMEs, our results show that to develop these innovations, SME's managers undertake the three roles by behaving as active observers, handyman and networkers as well as composing with the constitutive events of the contexts in which they evolve. Our study concludes by suggesting an integrated model which presents the three roles and the behaviors by which they are enabled as the constituent dimensions of a single construct : the eco-innovator.

Keywords: Durabilité, Innovation, Rôles, Traits, Comportements, Sustainability, Innovation, Roles, Traits, Behaviors, Durabilidad, Innovación, Papeles, Tiros, Comportamientos