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ABSTRACTU.S. firms seek regulation against foreign firms that are alleged to have dumped their goods in the U.S. market, preying on domestic firms. Regulators, empowered by the legislative body, administer antidumping laws to counter such practices. However, due to informational asymmetries that exist between the legislative body and domestic firms, and because of the discretionary power of the regulatory body, which is supposed to bridge this information gap, regulators may be captured. We examine the possibility of regulatory capture in the context of the administration of the U.S. Antidumping law.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of family control on investment efficiency and to highlight the moderating effect of analyst coverage. Based on a sample of French-listed companies, the results show a negative effect of family excess control and successive generational stage on investment efficiency. This negative effect is mainly driven by the underinvestment problem. These findings suggest that family firms are associated with exacerbated information asymmetry issues leading them to miss investment opportunities. However, analyst coverage, as an external corporate governance device, helps mitigating information asymmetry and the problem of inefficient investments in family firms.

Keywords: Investment efficiency, family firms, information asymmetry, excess control, family generational stage, analyst coverage, Efficacité des investissements, entreprises familiales, asymétrie de l'information, contrôle excessif, stade générationnel, couverture des analystes, Eficiencia de inversión, empresas familiares, asimetría de información, control excesivo, etapa generacional familiar, cobertura de analistas

The St. Lawrence Estuary (Québec, Canada) was the birthplace of organised whale watching activities on the east coast of North America. Initially, fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) were the main target species. The creation of the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park enabled to regulate whale watching activities in the area and to adopt specific regulations. For management purposes, a sampling protocol was developed to monitor the activity. Data collected aboard large boats (> 50 passengers) during 1186 excursions departing from Tadoussac from 1994 to 2017 were analysed to characterize the target species and territory use over time. Since 2001, the main target species has changed and a marked decrease in the local density of fin whales has been observed. The fin whale was the most targeted species during 15 of the 24 years, followed by the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata, 6 years) and the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae, 3 years). A partitioning analysis allowed the identification of years with similar patterns based on the species observed and on spatial distribution variables. Long-term continuity of the sampling protocol, in conjunction with systematic monitoring, will help to better understand this ecosystem and ensure adaptive management and sustainable development of the whale watching activities.

Keywords: conservation, gestion durable des activités d'observation en mer, rorqual commun, conservation, fin whale, sustainable management of whale watching

The Supreme Court of Canada is a testing ground for comparative law. Embodying the hybridization of civil and common law, it is composed of three justices from Quebec and six from the rest of Canada. Yet every marriage has its trials. The Court must sometimes interpret federal law where the two traditions dictate contradictory results. In the absence of uniform rules applicable throughout the country, the Court must choose between the two traditions. This article examines the Supreme Court of Canada's treatment of the civil law in copyright, patent, and trademark law.The authors suggest that the philosophical underpinnings of civilian approaches to intellectual property hold little sway on the Supreme Court. This is because, on the one hand, the common law sees intellectual property as a utilitarian tool to promote innovation, creativity and economic growth. The civil law, on the other hand, seeks to protect rightholders' interests and personality as ends in themselves. Caught in the middle, the Supreme Court has deliberately favoured the common law over the civil law. The authors of this article, who are trained in both traditions, unravel the Supreme Court's decisions in order to identify their common and civil law strands. This diversity, which mirrors Canada's mixed legal system, provides deeper insight into the métissage of common and civil law in Canada. This article is directed not only at Canadian jurists but also at the international community, as integration and harmonization initiatives continue to develop in Europe.

Most theories of strategic change focus on established firms. Little research examines how early-stage entrepreneurs decide to change their strategies and pivot in an international context (Kirtley & O'Mahony, 2019). To better understand how Born Globals (BG) pivot during their rapid internationalization, we study digital technology-based mobile game development BGs. We found that pivots are mostly driven by changes in individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) components. Using effectuation/causation theory, this study contributes to the understanding of both pivots in born globals and the role of changes in individual EO components over time.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial orientation, pivots, born-globals, internationalization, Orientation entrepreneuriale, pivots, born-globals, internationalization, Orientación empresarial, pivotes, Born Globals, Internacionalización

The presence of externalizing behaviours in young children can be challenging for parents in several ways, including for preserving a good quality of affective support. Because externalizing behaviours are heterogeneous in their manifestations, their interference with the quality of maternal affective support in the learning context may vary. The predictive associations between the externalizing behaviours of opposition, physical aggression, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and inattention in children at 42 months of age with the quality of maternal emotional support at 48 months of age were tested in 195 mother-child dyads. Children's externalizing behaviours were reported by the mothers, while the quality of affective support was observed during a cooperative literacy and numeracy task. Results show that only inattention uniquely and negatively predicted the quality of maternal affective support, controlling for child sex, family income, maternal education, maternal behaviour at 5 months, child prosocial behaviour at 42 months, and the other externalizing behaviours. These results suggest that during the preschool period, children's inattention behaviours represent a greater challenge compared to other externalizing behaviours for mothers' maintenance of affective support in the context of playful literacy and numeracy activities. Through a lower quality of maternal affective support in favourable situations for the practice of preschool competencies, children's attentional difficulties could therefore weaken certain spheres of their school readiness.

Keywords: soutien affectif maternel, comportements extériorisés, préparation scolaire, inattention, maternal affective support, externalized behaviours, school readiness, inattention

Preschoolers' social adaptation is related to their degree of exposure to environnemental risks. However, the mechanisms through which the environmental risks operate their influence on social adaptation are still poorly documented. Thus, the first goal of this study is to investigate the main effect of family adversity on preschoolers' behavioral problems and attachment security. The second goal is to test the mediating effect of family functionning in the relationship between family adversity and behavioral problems or attachment security. Five hundred and seventy-two participants (n=572) were assessed on family adversity between the age of 5 and 42 months. Behavioral problems and family functionning were assesed at 42 months. Eighty of the participants were assessed on attachment security at the age of 48 months. The results show a main effect of family adversity on behavioral problems as well as a mediating effect of family functionning in the relationship of family adversity and behavioral problems. No significant effect was found for security of attachment.

Keywords: Sécurité d'attachement, problèmes de comportement, adversité familiale, fonctionnement familial, préscolaire, effet médiateur, Attachment security, behavioral problems, family adversity, family functionning, preschoolers, mediating effect

AbstractDirect democracy appeared in California at the beginning of the century in the wake of widespread disillusionment with representative democracy and the Progressive movement. It might provide an answer to similar problems encountered in Quebec and Canada today. However, the initiative and the referendum in California have had such important, unintended consequences that many observers declare them to have changed into the opposite of what their creators intended. The debate these institutions evoke requires a clarification of its underlying values.

The purpose of this article is to assess the current state of prehistoric, or pre-contact, archaeology in the St. John River Valley, and in ­particular the upper and middle St. John. This region is part of the ancestral territory of the Maliseet nation. I start by addressing the challenges faced by the archaeo­logist in defining an archaeology of the Maliseet people. I follow this with a history of archaeological research in those regions of Maine, Québec and New Brunswick that are part of the St. John River Valley. The current state of archaeology is presented (the actors, the institutions, the research projects and questions), along with a summary of what characterizes the archaeology of this region today. Some lacunae in past and current research can be ­identified, but there are also many areas where the archaeology of the St. John is healthy and rich in data. I conclude the article with some recommendations for the future development of Maliseet archaeology.