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Quechua ontologies presuppose that the places constituting the landscape are persons endowed with personhood, intentionality and agency. The places and mountains in particular are experienced as active and powerful members of society. Building over this Quechua perspective, this article historicizes the changing ways in which mountains participate within the power relations in the region of Cuzco (Peru). First, it pays attention to how mountains oppose, react to, or align themselves in relation to mining companies and local communities in the context of the recent mining boom associated with the neoliberal reforms of 1990s and the high metal prices. Then, using ethnographic texts produced in the region since the 1930s, the article sketches the ways in which mountains have been interacting with state institutions, landlords and Quechua communities during a good portion of the 20th century, using the 1969 Agrarian Reform as a watershed.

The Federal Government's decision in the 1950s to force the Sayisi Dene and the Ahiarmiut to abandon their nomadic life out on the land and to settle in the communities of Churchill and Arviat resulted in disastrous consequences. The Sayisi Dene, who had been competent hunters and trappers, became a broken people living off the garbage dump at Churchill. Today, their children and grandchildren at Tadoule Lake are still trying to heal the wounds inflicted by the forced relocation. As for the Ahiarmiut who were relocated in a series of stages from Ennadai Lake to Nelting Lake, from Ennadai Lake to Henik Lake and from Henik Lake to Arviat, Rankin Inlet and finally to Whale Cove they are still awaiting the explanation from the federal government and acknowledgement of their painful experiences. Using oral and archival documents, this paper compares these two relocations, confronts the strategies, choices and decisions of the federal administration with the experiences and views of the participants and underscores the resilience of these caribou hunters.

Environmental issues in the context of housing reveal a resurgence of the commons in contemporary property law. If the commons are sometimes identified with common things and are in this sense outside the field of the appropriable—which the Anglo-Saxon terminology of ‘commons' emphasizes by avoiding the term property—they can also refer to property that can be appropriated in a common or collective way, whether this community operates under private or public law. Using selected examples, namely a study of ecological cohousing and green alleyways, this paper reveals a resurgence of the collective and the commons, both in private and public space, thus erasing the traditional opposition between the public and the private. More specifically, we are witnessing a renewal of collective usage rights through the commons as well as a transformation of ownership towards what could be called polyfunctional ownership that has a collective as well as an individual dimension. The fact that private property has largely been thought of through the prism of individualism cannot mask the social function of property and its more collective origins. Moreover, alongside access to ownership, the question of access to housing, through collective rights of use or holding, becomes fundamental.

Keywords: Communs, logement, environnement, cohabitats, ruelles vertes, propriété polyfonctionnelle, Commons, housing, environment, cohousing, green alleyways, polyfunctional ownership

This article contributes to an underdeveloped discussion in the scientific and legal literature on Quebec youth protection law, particularly regarding the role, ethics and deontology of lawyers. It presents the results of a discourse analysis based on interviews with lawyers representing parents at the Youth Division, Court of Québec. It highlights the ethical and deontological questions of these practitioners. On the one hand, the context of the practice, characterized in part by the urgency of the procedures and the imbalance of resources between the parties, complicates strict compliance with the rules of professional conduct. Like their clients, the parents' lawyers find themselves in an unequal balance of power vis-à-vis their colleagues who represent the Director of Youth Protection. The latter may take an adversarial approach to the debate; parents' lawyers are often coerced to collaborate. On the other hand, the characteristics associated with parents give rise to impasses regarding the professional obligations of lawyers. They struggle to offer quality services to clients who do not meet the requirements nor availability for preparing the file and help their lawyer to help them. Lawyers find it difficult to communicate and be understood by underprivileged or immigrant clients; and, sometimes, to loyally defend parents who are often presumed to be at fault. From the discourse of the participants emerges the feeling of being caught between a rock and a hard place, between the hammer and the anvil.

Keywords: Éthique et déontologie des avocates, protection de la jeunesse, repeat players, système contradictoire, approche contradictoire, approche collaborative, analyse de discours, accès à la justice, Legal ethics, youth protection, repeat players, adversarial system, adversarial approach, collaborative approach, discourse analysis, access to justice

In this article, we focus on the challenges arising from guilty pleas negotiated by corporations and recorded in Canadian criminal courts. We begin with the decision relating to the guilty plea that occurred in December 2019 between the Canadian public prosecutor (the Crown) and the Montréal-based engineering company SNC-Lavalin Construction inc., a subsidiary of the group of companies SNC-Lavalin Group inc. To this end, the text dwells on the circumstances surrounding the guilty plea entered by this subsidiary to resolve the criminal case against the engineering firm, and the negative consequences that could result from it. Issues arising from guilty pleas involving corporations more generally are also examined.

Keywords: Plaidoyer de culpabilité, criminalité économique, responsabilité pénale des entreprises, droit pénal canadien, SNC-Lavalin, entente sur le plaidoyer, accord de réparation, Guilty plea, financial crime, corporate crime, Canadian criminal law, SNC-Lavalin, plea agreement, remediation agreement

In this paper, the Job Demand-Control (JDC) model is used to predict depression and work-to-family conflict for married lawyers working full-time. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to determine whether the JDC model applies to work-to-family conflict; (2) to incorporate domain-specific job demand and job control variables; and (3) to examine a wider array of different forms of social support. First, the JDC model also helps explain work-to-family conflict. Second, domain-specificity does not appear key to documenting the buffering effects for job control. Third, spouse's support of one's career has the strongest main effect on both depression and work-to-family conflict, whereas coworker support functions as a moderator of lawyers' job demands and has both buffering and amplifying effects. This paper closes by discussing the possible conditions under which members of support systems may transfer or exacerbate stress effects rather than alleviate them.

This paper examines Ontario Labour Relations Board decisions regarding the inclusion of part-time workers in bargaining units front 1976 to 1986.

This article seeks to clarify the relationship between politics and culture in the process of nation-building in diverse societies. Based on a thorough analysis of the debates around the main political parties of the Quebec Charter of Values (2013), we posit that this relationship has two main dimensions. The first dimension—the “political culture”—identifies the role of political parties in the re-articulation of cultural norms through established political practices. The second dimension—the “politics of culture”—emphasizes the ability of political parties to generate new cultural meanings as they try to obtain or maintain political power. By separating these two dimensions in the context of the Quebec Charter of Values, we are better able to understand how culture nourishes, and is produced by, the conflicts between political parties concerning nationality, diversity and belonging.

Keywords: laïcité, Islam, accommodements religieux, partis politiques, nationalité, Québec, Charte des valeurs, secularism, Islam, religious accommodation, political parties, nationality, Quebec Charter of Values

AbstractVarious natural chemicals and certain contaminants from industries present an endocrine activity. These substances are likely to act on animal and human endocrine system (deterioration or reproductive functions deficiencies, malignant tumor occurrences, etc). Nowadays, many questions related to these compounds are not resolved and the persistent character of these compounds makes it a major problem for future generations. Furthermore, diverse studies determined that natural estrogens (e.g., estrone, 17β-estradiol and estriol) and synthetic estrogen (17α-ethinylestradiol) are the most estrogenic compounds in wastewater treatment plant effluents. Thus, these estrogens can reach surface water and contaminate it. Indeed, concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/L can induce estrogenic effects in exposed aquatic organisms. This review concentrated on this type of compounds in surface water and wastewater, and a number of treatment processes are discussed with regard to their potential on endocrine disrupting chemicals removal. In the primary treatment effluent, limited removal of estrogens has been observed, while secondary treatment involving activated sludge generally reduces all estrogens effluents concentrations. The advanced processes display a high potential for removing estrogens, although they may produce estrogenic and/or carcinogenic by-products. Enzymatic processes could be an innovative strategy for estrogens removal since they show a high potential to remove aromatic compounds from wastewater.

Keywords: Perturbateur endocrinien, Estrogènes, Hormones stéroïdiennes, Eaux usées, Eaux de surface, Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Estrogens, Steroid hormones, Wastewater, Surface water

The rising prevalence of chronic diseases, including those that are preventable, underlines important limitations of the healthcare perspectives commonly used. We argue that a better understanding of “prendre soin” (caring), which is not limited to medical or nursing procedures, nor to nursing science, is necessary to improve health practices and outcomes. “Prendre soin de la santé” or PSS (taking care of health or caring), which includes “prendre soin de soi” (taking care of oneself or self-care), is a concept broader than compliance to treatment and disease or health management. This paper aims at exploring the interest of PSS for healthcare. A literature review was conducted to examine the philosophical, theoretical and practical underpinnings of “prendre soin” in relation to other approaches, including caring, and current challenges. The proposed analysis is situated within the context of diabetic youth and their families' health care. For this particular situation and others, PSS carries possibilities for improving the assistance and quality of life of the persons affected and to foster prevention.

Keywords: Prendre soin, science du caring, autogestion de la santé, maladies chroniques, enfants et adolescents diabétiques et leurs familles, Caring, caring science, self-management of health, chronic diseases, diabetic youth and their families