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In the course of time, families disperse and kin relationships change. The differences between the genders in migration and the resulting differences in spatial dispersion of the children from their fathers were analyzed in two largely rural populations in the mid-19th century. The analyses were performed mainly on the Swedish population in the northern coastal Skellefteå region, where data on both genders was available. The results were used to estimate gender differences among a native-born population in the northern U.S., where information about women was limited. Most adult children resided in the same places as their fathers, and the proportion of co-resident sons was the same in both populations. However, more daughters than sons were located elsewhere in Skellefteå and probably also in the U.S. The distances separating relatives were, however, greater in the U.S. Men lived in patrilineal clusters to a greater extent than did women due, in part, to patrilineal inheritance and virilocal marriages. The results were discussed with reference to migration and marriage patterns, spatial organization and economic differences.

AbstractIn this article, a personality disorder known as “malignant narcissism” is presented. This notion is then used to explain the creation of organizational policies against perceived enemies that reflected this narcissistic rage. We illustrate our argument by the analysis of a case study in which it is shown that the leader attempted to discredit the detractors of the group, thus transposing the narcissistic rage into organizational policies that loyal members enacted on his behalf. By using psychological insights about the leader's personality, and then showing how that personality translated into socially deviant policies and actions, we hope to encourage criminologists to examine other groups by applying similar theories.

The literature on innovation communities suffers from a lack of clarification of the theoretical construct and associated typologies. The objective of this research is therefore to propose a fine characterization of the communities that interact during innovation projects, by questioning their mutually exclusive character or the potential porosity of their boundaries. Through three case studies of outdoor sport companies, we characterize three types of innovation communities (communities of practice, epistemic and user communities) through five characteristics (their members, objectives, organizational dynamics, communication modes and the nature of their social ties). Moreover, intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms are identified as being at the origin of the decompartmentalization of the three types of communities identified.

Keywords: communautés d'innovation, communautés mixtes, constellation de communautés d'innovation, objets-frontière, innovation communities, mixed communities, constellation of innovation communities, boundary objects, comunidad de innovación, comunidades mixtas, constelación de comunidades de innovación, objetos límite

In organizational literature, the notion of grief is used, or simply evoked, in order to make sense of the “emotional” reactions of some actors facing losses in their professional lives. The purpose of this paper is to question the theoretical and epistemological foundations surrounding the legitimacy of this analogy (induced by a specific conceptual transfer) and the limits of its validity in the empirical practice of academic research. The first part of this paper will identify and categorize studies which engage the concept of grief in the organizational sciences. The second part will define the concept of grief and the theoretical demands that this definition imposes upon the management researcher. The third part aims to show the diversity of grief theories and the difficulties in using this eclecticism in organizational science. Finally, in the fourth part, we will seek to pinpoint the theoretical limitations of the grief stage theories that are the most leveraged in our field.

Keywords: Perte, deuil, modèles de stades, modèle d'ajustement au deuil en double processus, Loss, grief, grief stage theories, dual process model of coping with bereavement, pérdida, duelo, modelos de los estadios, ajuste al modelo dual proceso de duelo

AbstractTo face its Corporate Social Responsibility constitutes henceforth a necessity for the company, particularly when it is about a multinational one. In a paradoxical way, the internationalization of the activities complicates the situation in the sense that the company has to face local cultural specificities. These specificities entail different expectations regarding the company, some of them may contradict the societal principles adopted by the parent company (according to the universal standards of behaviour). How does the company adapt its approach of CSR to the country of setting-up, which are the stakeholders involved in this process? It is the question that the author attempts to answer by taking for base the example of 8 French companies having subsidiaries implanted in Mexico.

Keywords: RSE, éthique d'entreprise, théorie d'intégration des contrats sociaux, ISCT (Integrative Social Contracts Theory), entreprise multinationale, CSR, business ethics, stakeholder management, Integrative Social Contract Theory (ISCT), multinational company, RSE (Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa), ética de empresa, gestión de las partes interesadas, teoría de integración de los contratos sociales, la empresa multinacional

Based on a qualitative methodology, our research has as main objective to analyze the mechanisms of building and maintaining trust in the cooperation concluded between an agricultural entrepreneur and a group of consumer's members of a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA). More specifically, our research question is dedicated to the respective roles of relational trust and institutional trust in the emergence and stability in time of the CSA cooperation. Our results allow us to conclude that establishing relational trust not only proceeds from face-to-face but also virtual exchanges with the agricultural entrepreneur. As for the establishment of institutional trust, it is generated by the signing of a contract, the existence of an organic label or even the reference to a national charter. Our study also confirmed the fragile nature of the CSA cooperation mentioned in the literature and related to the diversity of consumers' motivations and commitments and to the competition from other forms of agricultural distribution.

Keywords: Association pour le maintien de l'agriculture paysanne (AMAP), Entrepreneuriat agricole, Confiance institutionnelle, Confiance relationnelle, Community supported agriculture (CSA), Agricultural entrepreneurship, Institutional trust, Relational trust, Asociación para el mantenimiento de la agricultura payesa (AMAP), Emprendimiento agricola, Confianza relacional, Confianza institucional

Noting that in management science, management policies would have all, the ultimate ambition of contributing to company performance and the innovative capacity of a company would be a sine qua non of this performance, this article shows that (i) these two concepts refer to disparate content ; (ii) the performance is primarily measured by distanced indicators (financial) ; (iii) the nature of the interdependence between innovation and performance is not unequivocal. Considering the weight of contextual variables, we show the interest to adopt a broader vision of concepts of innovation and performance in SMEs, capitalizing on the diversity of performance and innovation characterizations, and adopting an agnostic approach establishing no a priori link between them. This article proposes to broaden the concepts of innovation and performance by mobilizing indicators specific to SMEs and outlines a methodology to measure and weigh them as well as to provide researchers with tools to better understand the interactions between these variables. In doing so, we contribute to a critical approach of de-naturalization to emancipate SMEs and, more broadly, public and regulatory authorities, from narrow performative standards.

Keywords: Innovation, Performance, Indicateurs, Critique, PME, Innovation, Performance, Indicators, Critical, SMEs, Innovación, Rendimiento, Indicadores, Crítico, PyME

AbstractWhen Virginians, Canadians, and Indians clashed, the Allegheny borderlands were a new ‘muddle ground' of fateful cultural confusions rather than an established middle ground of recognized compromises. The taking of captives was an early, significant, and portentious part of the contest. Indians who were resettling the region were familiar with traditional panis slavery, with raiding for captives in long-range blood feuds, and with trading Indian captives to Europeans. Their capture of European traders, as diplomatic gifts, was a very recent development.Colonial trade rivalries became military, and the paltry forts became sites of negotiated surrender in 1754. Before European regulars arrived in numbers, or the Anglo-French war was formally declared, colonial intruders surrendered to their Indian and colonial rivals on three occasions. Virginians surrendered their incomplete stockade at the forks of the Ohio in April. In May, Virginians and Indians ambushed a Canadian party under Ensign Jumonville, and survivors of the initial skirmish sought quarter. Within five weeks, avenging Canadians and Indians forced Virginians to surrender their aptly-named Fort Necessity.In taking prisoners and hostages in the Allegheny borderlands, colonial officers adapted and violated both European and Indian conventions, and took different approaches in dealing with the independent actions of their Indian allies. On the eve of a major war, captives and their brethren learned what distinctions had been made, and that they might well be violated.

This article is based on fifty testimonies by Algonquins of Three Rivers or ‘Magouas'. They deal with family memories, Indian origins, self perception and the dominant group's perception of their identity. The research is related to a legal claim for Indian status by 350 Algonquins. Segregation and prejudice (“uncivilized savages”) have long afflicted this population, which is characterized by the maintenance of an endogamous marriage system and classificatory kinship. The main identity markers deal with memory, history, genealogy, mobility related to hunting, unskilled jobs and poverty, and finally to a specific relationship to nature. The Algonquins are still here.