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This review of the literature is situated at the interface of three research fields with strong potential for synergy: the circular economy, urban metabolism, and urban planning. Our work is firstly part of a broad reflection on the conceptual and methodological approaches likely to stimulate the urban implementation of circular economy. More specifically, urban planning and urban metabolism have been identified as levers to stimulate this territorial transition towards circularity, but their articulation still includes several epistemological and operational grey areas. The objective of our work is therefore to contribute to producing an inventory of the modes of adoption of urban metabolism in favour of circularity, specifically within the framework of urban planning approaches, The aim is to synthesize the existing knowledge and the lines of thinking on the possible repercussions of the metabolic approach as a tool for analysis and action for managing the transition of cities towards the circular economy.

Keywords: Métabolisme urbain, Urban metabolism, urbanisme, urban planning, ville circulaire, circular city, économie circulaire, circular economy, recension des écrits, litterature review

This article offers a periodization of the history of international student policy in Canada since 1970. It draws on archival sources at seven public post-secondary institutions in British Columbia and Ontario, as well as governmental discussion in both provinces and at the Federal level, and scholarly writing about international students within the Canadian Journal of Higher Education to construct this history. Four key periods are identified: the emergence of differential fee policies in the 1970s; an era of institutional recruitment efforts in the 1980s and 1990s; a period of active government recruitment in the 2000s; and an era of bifurcating priorities as governments expanded their recruitment efforts but scholars began to question the international student project in Canada. The article shows changes in international student policy over the past half-century, but also reveals continuities, most notably a sustained emphasis on serving Canada’s perceived national interests.

Keywords: étudiants étrangers, internationalisation, frais différentiels, histoire de l'enseignement supérieur, Revue canadienne d'enseignement supérieur, international students, internationalization, differential fees, history of higher education, Canadian Journal of Higher Education

In this article, we present an argumentative analysis of Galeazzo Flavio Capra’s Della Eccelenza e dignità della donna (1525), one of the least studied Renaissance treatises of the “Querelle des Femmes”. The author, who was educated at the court of the Duchy of Milan, distinguished himself among the notable humanists of his time thanks to his position as secretary to Francesco II Sforza. Capra wrote his text in vernacular prose, reworking classical models and proposing a reinterpretation of Petrarch, Boccacio, and other contemporary writers. This study aims to show the originality of Capra’s work in the face of traditional cultural and literary values which he managed to turn in favour of sixteenth-century women.

Keywords: Rhétorique de la Renaissance, Rhetoric of the Renaissance, Le corps des femmes, Women body, Querelle des femmes, Querelle des femmes, Cornelius Agrippa, Cornelius Agrippa, Rodríguez del Padrón, Rodríguez del Padrón

In theoretical works such as Orazione, Della institutione, and Raffaella, the Italian writer, scientist, and philogynist Alessandro Piccolomini (1508–78) outlines the characteristics that should make up the perfect woman. In his comedies—Alessandro and L’Amor costante—focusing mainly on the theme of love, Piccolomini presents some of the same ideas, articulating them through his noble and cultured female characters. This article examines Piccolomini’s dramatic productions in light of his treatises and other writings on women in order to underline his originality in the creation of these female characters. On the one hand, they are models of virtue and decorum; on the other, they demonstrate an unusual degree of initiative in love. They are conscious of their desires, and they defend their right to choose their lovers. In this way, Piccolomini describes new traits of the perfect woman.

Keywords: Alessandro Piccolomini, Alessandro Piccolomini, Alessandro, Alessandro, L’Amor costante, L’Amor costante, perfection féminine, Feminine Perfection

In 1603, Diego de Torres Bollo (1550–1638), Jesuit procurator of the province of Peru, published in Rome his Relatione Breve, one of the first printed accounts of early Jesuit missionary activities in South America. The work was an instant success: in 1604 a second Italian edition was published in Venice, as well as translations into Latin (Antwerp) and French (Paris). The Relatione was typical of many Jesuit accounts of the period, that is, it consisted of a skillfully arranged montage of letters from the missions, written for the express purpose of attracting new vocations to missionary work in South America. To the detriment of this editorial success, with the exception of the major bibliographical repertories, de Torres Bollo’s text is rarely used and seldom cited by historians, and is even paradoxically absent in historical undertaking such as Rubén Vargas Ugarte’s Historia de la Compañía de Jesús en el Perú; furthermore, there is no modern edition, not even a diplomatic transcription, in the important Monumenta Peruana. With this contribution, I intend not only to inform those who read a little-known work, but also to demonstrate how it constitutes a decisive moment in the genesis of the “relation” genre in the first decades of written Jesuit communication.

Given their values, mission and democratic governance, the social and solidarity economy organizations are environments that will naturally give rise to commitment and participation. However, participation is paradoxical: despite its many advantages (for the individual, the organization, society), it can sometimes be forced and generate negative effects, including stress and exhaustion. Recent studies have shown growing problems of burnout, suffering and precariousness in the social and solidarity economy, especially in a context of enormous needs and limited resources (human, financial). How, then, can we ensure that these democratic organizations support participation in decisions in a way that fosters, revives and does not exhaust the persons? We suggest that permaculture could provide some answers to this question. Based on observations from an action-research study conducted with a solidarity cooperative, we show how the mobilization of ethical rules and principles of permaculture generates new perspectives for thinking about why and how to participate in different decisions. The article allows us to follow the cooperative in this experiment and to see how it comes to say no to a project that is nevertheless part of its mission, while contributing to it, considering the well-being of the organization AND of the people. Three potential contributions of permaculture are identified: 1) the importance of taking care of humans; 2) conscious renunciations; 3) the “communification” of work and the creation of meaning.

Keywords: Participation, permaculture, économie sociale et solidaire, paradoxe, décision

A better understanding of adjustment profiles in emerging immigrant adults (EIAs) would allow for more sensitive ways of providing for their needs and inclusion. Using a person-centred approach, our study aimed to identify psychosocial and academic adjustment profiles in EIAs while pinpointing the sociodemographic and interpersonal characteristics associated with each profile. A total of 704 EAIs in Quebec between the ages of 18 and 30 (49% women) completed a quantitative questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and stepwise regression revealed three distinct patterns. The “adjusted” profile (63%) accounts for a larger share of men and of EIAs receiving high quality social support. The “vulnerable with normal anxiety levels” profile (28%) is more likely to be associated with EIAs who tend not to feel intimidated for religious reasons but who receive lower quality support from friends and family. Finally, women and EIAs living in precarious circumstances or experiencing religious harassment are more likely to be included in the “very high anxiety” profile, in contrast to youth receiving family support. Our analysis highlights diversity among EIAs and draws attention to those who experience high levels of distress despite functioning normally in an academic setting.

Keywords: emerging adults, jeunes adultes, immigrants, immigrants, adaptation scolaire, academic adjustment, psychosocial adjustment, adaptation psychosociale, Québec (Canada), Quebec (Canada)

Children are increasingly involved in citizen participation activities on various issues that concern them, such as those related to environmental protection, yet their citizenship often remains unrecognized. This article focuses on children exercising their rights and asserting them through involvement in legal proceedings before courts. While researchers and those who work with children have paid attention to children’s participation for at least three decades, opportunities for citizen participation for them are still limited and modes of participation are lacking. These weaknesses are particularly evident in the area of justice.In considering climate change litigation in which children are increasingly involved, we examine the extent to which, if at all, Canadian courts are adhering to the principles of participation and child-friendly justice. Have the courts been able to be true laboratories of citizen participation for children in their efforts to protect their rights? The findings, though preliminary for now given the limited number of decisions, are mixed and demonstrate the importance of the work of organizations that support children and the need for our courts to adapt to young petitioners in order to respect their rights.

Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) management in the private sector is often reduced to how it is accomplished, that is, with an action plan with performance indicators. While “methods” are proliferating, the reasons and the extent of the organizational transformations required by such a change is much less addressed. Yet, if there is one sector that is fundamentally concerned with the reason why it matters, it is the social economy and community action sector. Precisely, because it makes social transformation a central concern, especially through the willingness to act by and with its members. Based on the case of the “Comité sectoriel de main-d’oeuvre de l’économie sociale et de l’action communautaire (CSMO-ÉSAC)”, which represents 18,643 groups and organizations, this article looks at both the transformations of the sector and those of the CSMO-ÉSAC as a meta-organization. Crossing the neo-institutional theory and the idea of meta-organization, our analysis, that is based on documents and interviews, shows that the CSMO-ÉSAC embarked on a process of organizational transformation some fifteen years ago on integrating the EDI paradigm. This transformation, resulting from the normative pressure from its staff, the member organizations and the main financial backer, consists mainly of a reinterpretation and enhancement of its mission in light of EDI. In particular, this has given rise to a dynamic of continuous learning in terms of diversity – in the inspiration of learning organizations – that the CSMO-ÉSAC is trying to spread throughout its sector, however with some difficulty.

Keywords: Gestion de la diversité, équité et inclusion, organismes à but non lucratif, organisations apprenantes, transformation organisationnelle