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Information is omnipresent and public space is becoming increasingly limited, thereby making the library a comfortable social space. The current accent placed on on-site services within an establishment must not overshadow the fact that an important segment of the population does not have adequate access to these services, not because they are unaware of their existence but rather because of their physical, social or cultural distance from such services. To reach out to this segment of the population means one must think of the library as a base for out-reach services. In order to imagine "beyond the walls", one must develop modest yet creative and innovative practices, develop territorial projects, and identify partners. In short, one must deploy a territorial-based strategy.

Cette thèse est constituée de deux articles, qui s’intéressent aux différences individuelles dans l’induction causale, à partir d’informations de covariation. De nombreuses études empiriques rapportent l’existence de différences individuelles, lors de tâches d’apprentissage de covariation, mais peu offrent un cadre conceptuel de compréhension de ces différences. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’étudier différentes sources de variabilité dans les jugements causaux à travers le modèle des Deux Stratégies de Raisonnement. Ce modèle suggère que lors d’une tâche de raisonnement ou de jugement, les participants utilisent une stratégie de raisonnement Contrexemple ou Statistique. La stratégie Contrexemple est associée à l’utilisation d’un nombre restreint d’informations clés, pour former une représentation mentale du problème et générer de potentiels contrexemples, alors que la stratégie Statistique est associée à un …

This study aimed to identify the motivational strategies used by vocational training (VT) teachers from a self-directed learning context and to verify whether these strategies differ from a self-directed learning context and a teacher-directed learning context. Overall, the results validated that the motivational strategies used by teachers varied depending on the learning context. Furthermore, these results highlight the need to continue studies about teachers' motivational strategies to better understand the motivational process of VT's students enrolled in a self-directed learning context and the effect of these strategies on their motivation.

Keywords: Enseignement individualisé, formation professionnelle, motivation scolaire, stratégies motivationnelles, self-directed Learning, vocational education, motivation, motivational strategies

Two distinct categories can be established in the field of exploratory studies. First, there are studies on subjects that are relevant but which, for various reasons, have been left more or less unexplored. The second category of exploratory studies comes above the first category since these studies revolve around issues which relevance has not been yet supported in a way that would justify thorough consideration and adéquate investment, even if a certain form of argumentation could be elaborated on their potential interest. To work with the second category of exploratory studies, it is necessary to create an approach that will confïrm or invalidate their potential interest and, in the case of a confirmation, determine the orientation of the subsequent studies.A problem may arise from the use of the last mentioned category of stratégies. When these strategies do confirm the potential interest of the studies, they have to be given up for other strategies that are best suited to carry out the research. Consequently, new resources as well as additional time are required. In both scientifically and professionally oriented fields, this problem could have a negative impact since the researches carried out in these fields often give rise to more immediate concerns and expectations. In our opinion, the problem arising from this discontinuity is not necessarily unavoidable.In this article, our objective is to set out and examine an investigation strategy that we already used to tackle a problem falling in the second category of exploratory studies and relating to the implementation of technological changes in unionized environments.This strategy uses concepts such as «concrete action System», «power», and «uncertainty zone» which form the basis of the theory of organizations elaborated by Crozier and Friedberg (1977). This approach avoids the discontinuity problem previously mentioned and indicates interesting investigation paths, when such paths exist. Moreover, it does not require a large investment at the beginning of the research. Finally, it seems to us that this strategy can easily be used and adapted for several research problems that arise in the field of relations in the workplace.

The strengthening of subsidiaries' role in Multinational Corporations' (MNC) innovation strategy has been underlined. Based on an extension of the analytical framework developed by Bartlett and Ghoshal (1989) and a case study of a representative MNC, we suggest four differentiated ideal types of subsidiary contributions and the type of innovation they are more prone to develop. Besides “historic big” and “implementer” we highlight two specific contributions of “accelerators” and “high potential” subsidiaries that leverage their capabilities and environment leading to innovation potentially deployed afterwards among the subsidiaries.

Keywords: Firme multinationale, filiale, innovation, stratégie internationale, étude de cas, déploiement, Multinational Corporation (MNC), subsidiary, innovation, international strategy, case study, deployment, Empresa multinacional, filiales, innovación, estrategia internacional, estudio de caso, despliegue

With a view to examining certain risk management tools as a means of contending with the growing chronic illness epidemic, this paper explores the practicality of having recourse to a system of conditional cash transfers. These programs are generally aimed at socioeconomically disadvantaged populations by providing a financial incentive to adopt or modify certain behaviors. However, by adapting certain key elements of this type of program to combating chronic diseases, the writer points out certain negative effects such as the stigmatization of disadvantaged populations.

Access to effective contraception has provided women with the means to regulate their own reproductive behaviour according to the norms of motherhood, and with regard to its social regulation. The notion of « strategy » helps us understand how women situate themselves with regard to their maternal function and the constraints that go along with it. Female educators working in rehabilitation centres for adolescents face changing circumstances together with persistent demanding conditions. Confronted personally with the issue of motherhood, these practitioners adopt one of the following two strategies : they either emphasize the value of family or their professional career. This analysis reveals the tension existing between these two spheres in the lives of these women who are actively involved in a profession that reproduces numerous maternal functions.