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La qualité du mâle, mesurée par la masse du spermatophore transmis, affecte le succès reproducteur des femelles de la légionnaire uniponctuée, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) des souches migrante (AN) et non migrante (Aç). Par contre, le nombre d'accouplements précédents du mâle, tout comme la provenance de la souche n'ont pas d'effet sur la durée de la période réfractaire des femelles accouplées (en terme de jours), mais les mâles açoriens retardent légèrement l'heure de la reprise de l'appel des femelles la nuit suivant leur accouplement. Basé sur des données déjà publiées, la sédentarité semble avoir entraîné l'adoption d'une stratégie monandre chez la souche açorienne, même si les résultats de la présente étude tendent à démontrer qu'elle n'a pas mené à des changements significatifs dans la …

L'extension de marque est une stratégie de plus en plus utilisée par les compagnies. Plus de 40% des nouveaux produits lancés sur le marché nord-américain sont issus d'une stratégie d'extension de marque. Un exemple, Pepsi (appelée marque-mère qui met sur le marché Pepsi Cristal (appelée extension. Notoriété immédiate du nouveau produit, coûts de publicité réduits et facilité d'accès aux canaux de distribution sont autant de raisons expliquant l'intérêt des firmes envers cette stratégie. L'extension de marque peut cependant avoir l'effet négatif d'atténuer les perceptions et l'évaluation de la marque-mère dans l'esprit des consommateurs. Plusieurs raisons laissent croire que cet effet négatif serait plus important chez les consommateurs fidèles à une marque que chez les consommateurs infidèles et les non-consommateurs. Une simulation de lancement du produit …

Ce mémoire a pour but de mettre en lumière les stratégies des deux camps durant F affrontement anglo-américain de 1775-1776 en territoire canadien, lors de la guerre de l'Indépendance des Etats-Unis. À cette fin, il cherche particulièrement à identifier les liens entre la pensée politique, la grande stratégie de la guerre, et la stratégie locale des opérations militaires. Le premier chapitre consiste en une présentation sommaire des principaux événements et faits d'armes de la confrontation. Les quatre autres chapitres portent sur la conduite de la guerre elle-même. Une différence marquée existe entre 1775 et 1776. Du côté américain, le virage vers l'indépendance modifie la perspective de l'utilisation des armes. Chez les Britanniques, le transfert du centre d'opérations de Boston à New York change l'application de …

Initiatives on behalf of sustainable development are often criticized for inadequate consideration and advice of local issues and replication of decontextualized good practices only. This is particularly the case in Arab countries with authoritarian regimes. This article reviews the experience of the Development Strategy of Greater Sfax, considered as a success by many international, Tunisian and Sfaxian actors. We seek to identify the factors behind this relative success, while emphasizing the limits of this experiment. The article first presents the debate on sustainable urban development in Arab countries and especially in the Tunisian context. Then it analyzes the experience of Sfax emphasizing the role of international institutions which played a major role in launching the process, the nature of interactions between participants in the strategy development, including the role taken by local actors from the civil society, and the argumentation used to reach this consensus. Examining two projects from this strategy, the paper considers the inclusion in the local history of development as an essential condition for the continuation of this process. However, by focusing on the development of these projects until the current period of political change, the article also highlights the limits of consensus, including in particular the tensions that arise around the social issue.

Keywords: Urbanisme, développement durable, environnement, concertation, participation, société civile, régime autoritaire, Sfax, Tunisie, Urban planning, sustainable development, environment, consultation, participation, civil society, authoritarian regime, Sfax, Tunisia

The saturation of traditional markets and the opening-up of economies push SMEs to internationalize. Even if they suffer from resources scarcity, more and more SMEs are investing abroad, calling for a reinvestigation of their expansion strategies. This article relies on the analysis of five independent manufacturing SMEs having (at least) one subsidiary abroad. It aims at understanding the main motivations pushing SMEs to implement gateway strategies in order to penetrate foreign markets. The decision to invest in a gateway country is following a defensive or offensive logic resulting from the interaction of external and internal factors. It appears that gateway strategies act as a tool to facilitate the entry to emerging market, reducing at the same time SMEs' exposure to local risks.

Keywords: Internationalisation, Risques, PME, Stratégies tête-de-pont, Internationalization, Risks, SMEs, Gateway strategies, Internacionalización, Peligros, PyME, Estrategias cabeza-de-ponte

In this research, we examine the differences of perception between governance and companies with regard to the institutional innovation practices of a technopole and discuss the impact of these differences on the innovation performance of the technopolitan companies. This answers a major challenge of public management: to evaluate the efficiency of the governance practices of the clusters on innovation. Our analysis of the Aube Technopole shows that of the 20 institutional innovation practices, two major perceptual differences emerge: one relating to the formulation of the strategy and the other to the development of collaborative projects. These differences in perception could negatively influence the innovation performance of the technopolitan companies.

Keywords: Technopôle, Distance perceptuelle, Innovation, Pratiques institutionnelles, Gouvernance, Technopole, Perceptual distance, Innovation, Institutional practices, Governance, Tecnópolis, distancia perceptual, innovación, prácticas institucionales, gobernanza

We provide here a detailed description of the piloting of two new methods for teaching reading comprehension to beginning readers from low-income households. In Study 1, six second-grade classrooms were assigned to a control (regular teaching activities only), a vocabulary, or a strategy condition. Gains were observed for the students in the two intervention conditions, but these did not facilitate comprehension. In Study 2, an improved version of the teaching methods was tested using a design identical to the one used in Study 1. Results from Study 2 suggest that the methods are promising enough to warrant a formal evaluation of their effectiveness.

Keywords: étude pilote, milieu défavorisé, lecture, compréhension, pilot study, low-income households, reading, comprehension

This paper presents the methodological approach of an intervention research that develops an open strategy process in a healthcare organization. The research describes all the tools mobilized to improve inclusion and transparency in strategic thinking in the specific context of an occupational health service. This longitudinal analysis highlights the benefits of an open strategy approach, particularly at the managerial and cultural levels. The results observed effectively show an evolution of management towards more multidisciplinary, in an organizational context yet marked by divisions.

Keywords: Stratégie Ouverte, Recherche Intervention, Organisation de Santé, Inclusion, Transparence, Pluridisciplinarité, Open Strategy, Intervention Research, Healthcare Organization, Inclusion, Transparency, Multidisciplinary, Estrategia Abierta, Intervención-Investigación, Servicio de Salud, Inclusión, Transparencia, Multidisciplinariedad

Unlike other markets involved in the globalization of business, the opening of the markets which have emerged from the break-up of the Soviet Union, offers considerable strategic opportunities for exporting SMI. The complexities of the process of transition, the relationships between the locally active persons and bodies, the statutory disparities, as well as specific needs, are constantly opening up new horizons. The instability enables the SMIs to be competitive with globalized businesses, although the latter were very soon attracted by the “far east”.The objective of this article is to present the results of a longitudinal and qualitative study of the creation and transformation of the SMIs' strategy in this transitional context. It forms part of a broader study regarding their strategies of internationalization in these markets.Our analysis aims to show the incremental character of the way in which the strategy is formulated, necessitated by the institutional requirements of the local environment. We shall study in particular how SMIs, within a strategy of specialization, can be led to develop their offer over the whole sector of activity, and how they can thus favourably direct the development of the environment in which they are active. Finally, based on the exploratory approach, we shall attempt to define the main characteristics of a “strategy of filière” adapted for SMIs.

Keywords: PME, Internationalisation, Environnement institutionnel, Stratégie de filière