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Coherence rationales are an analytical tool able to account for the mode of construction of coherence by the actors. Built from the explanatory theories of strategy, they appear nevertheless with elements of difference and even contradiction in their structure. Knowing that every analytical framework is based on a particular philosophy, the present study tries to understand these discrepancies from the epistemological paradigms and provides, thereafter, an analytical grid allowing to test each coherence rationale empirically.

Keywords: Logiques de cohérence, planification, enseignement supérieur, paradigme épistémologique, Coherence rationales, planning, higher education, epistemological paradigm

AbstractThis paper is on the Quebec's Maritime Cluster Initiative. This initiative has its origin in a set of public policies launched in 1998, aimed at creating a dynamic cluster in the Quebec's coastal maritime industry. The objectives of this paper are twofold : first, we describe and analyze the public policies and programs behind the Quebec's Maritime Cluster Initiative ; secondly, we discuss the impact of these policies on the regional economy. Based on this case, we discuss mistakes to be avoided in designing cluster policies as well the relevance of a cluster strategy to foster and support the economy of peripheral regions.

AbstractAs it is most often conceived, the theme of "sustainable development" refers to a wide range of changes to be carried out in all spheres of society. For this reason, it is logically in line with a tone of general mobilization. It frequently leads to a call for renewed procedures in the organization of community life, in order to encourage all the cooperation that could be useful. A common problem on the procedures to be put in place to reconcile, or at least make them think and discuss, actors with potentially divergent interests has thus formed around the issues of sustainable development and governance. In a sense, "sustainable development" is, more or less explicitly, to be taken as an incentive to rethink the question of the practical experience of democracy and of the institutions from which it is supposed to operate. It is even a form of equation that tends to be almost raised between "sustainable development" and democracy, with a relationship of dependency between the two terms. Such an assumption is an invitation to ask more precisely to what extent the goal of "sustainable development" may lead or contribute to a redefinition of democracy, both in its principles and in its practices. What kind of progress towards democracy is drawn? What assumptions are articulated? What proposals arrive in the discussions? To what devices do these proposals tend to lead? What kind of practices is taking shape and to what extent do they come as a continuation of what seems to be a renewed programme of government? This contribution tries to answer these questions, principally in the European and French context.

Keywords: développement durable, gouvernance, démocratie, participation, sustainable development, governance, democracy, participation

AbstractThe rise of the trans-national corporation raises serious problems for international unionism. This article discusses the organizational structure developed by Charles Levinson and by the International Trade Secretariats of Geneva. Their recommendations require a total reorganization of national and international union federation and the establishment of international organizations capable of meeting the multinational challenge. After a summarizing the suggested strategies, this article critically analyzes their effects on power relations between various national trade union movements, the effects on Third World Trade union movements and its goals, and structures as discussed.

This article investigates locational determinants of Chinese and Russian FDI in Europe from 2006 to 2017. Chinese and Russian FDI bear certain similarities. They have been attracted by technology and innovation. However, in contrast with Russian MNEs, the choice of Chinese investors have been also affected by the existence of opportunities offered by market, in particular by the subprime crisis. Russian FDI has been more motivated by geopolitics. The empirical results on the impact of institutional variables on Chinese FDI have been mixed, while Russian FDI has been attracted by weak institutions.

Keywords: IDE Sud-Nord, les EMN émergentes, Union européenne, déterminants institutionnels, modèle multi-niveaux, South-to-North FDI, Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises (EMNEs), European Union, Institutional Determinants, Multilevel Model, IDE Sur-Norte, empresas multinacionales emergentes, Unión Europea, determinantes institucionales, modelo multinivel

AbstractFrom 1993, the Government of Ontario, General Programme Guide for grades 1 to 9 provides for an integration of various school disciplines into 4 areas of study, one of these being mathematics, science, and technology. This new structure must also be considered in the teacher training programme. With this objective, the University of Ottawa undertook an exploratory study of students in pre-service training at the intermediate secondary level (grades 7 to 10). The methodology included the development and use of two training strategies: one in the formal University course, the other during the practicum in the school setting where these future teachers are encouraged to apply an interdisciplinary type of pedagogy. The two strategies are described and the results of the project are discussed.

The Quiet Revolution is generally considered as a period of political rupture, characterized by the revaluation of the Quebec State which in turn provoked an agressive dynamics of demands for the province's national autonomy. This article suggests the presence of a second political rupture, to which the elder Daniel Johnson contributed Johnson's strategic ues of the independence option as a threat in fact marks a decisive turn in Quebec's approach to constitutional negotiations. Johnson thus inaugurated the "knife to the throat" strategy which significantly modified political discourse in Quebec and the manner of viewing relations between Quebec and Canada.

The object of this study was to verify two hypotheses. The first was that a student's preferential cognitive style, sequential or simultaneous, can negatively affect the imaginative fiction texts that he or she produces. According to the second, students having been exposed to the strategies assembled by Cavanagh (2007) and possessing a sequential or simultaneous preferential cognitive style would produce better texts than students having the same styles but not having been exposed to the same strategies. To test these hypotheses, we determined the preferential (sequential/simultaneous) cognitive style of 45 Franco-Albertan subjects, 33 boys and 12 girls, 9 and 10 years old, by means of the Épreuve verbale d'aptitudes cognitives (EVAC) elaborated by Flessas et Lussier (2003). In a pretest, the subjects were divided into two groups (experimental and control), both of which were asked to write fictional texts. Then, over a period of 12 weeks, only the experimental group subjects were taught the writing strategies assembled by Cavanagh (2007) and lastly (in the post-test), the members of both groups were asked to compose a second fictional text. None of the results relative to the two hypotheses of the present study correspond to our expectations. Finally, we propose some promising avenues of research in this area that would avoid certain methodological pitfalls that we encountered.

Keywords: style cognitif préférentiel (séquentiel/simultané), stratégies rédactionnelles, récit imaginaire (cohérent/original), preferential cognitive style, (sequential/simultaneous) processes, writing strategies, (coherent/original) fiction