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SummaryPsoriasis is a model disease in dermatology. It is a common disease that affects at least 2 to 3 % of the population. It is an illness characterized by an excessive reaction of the skin, in term of proinflammatory cytokines release, to no specific attacks: these attacks can be immunological, mechanical, metabolic, drug-induced or psychological. This excessive reaction is characterized by epidermal proliferation combined with incomplete terminal differentiation, as well as an inflammatory response responsible for the chronic nature of the lesions. The way to understand psoriasis is therefore to reach a better appreciation of the messages that enable the skin cells to initiate an inflammatory response, and by better understanding the way in which the inflammatory cells responsible for innate and acquired immune responses are capable of bringing about proliferation and abnormal epidermal differentiation. Taking an interest in psoriasis is therefore taking an interest in all facets of skin physiology and in all the ways the skin reacts to attacks from the environment. Every year for more than thirty years, more than 300 publications have endeavoured to explore one aspect or another of psoriasis from a clinical, epidemiological, physiopathological or therapeutic point of view. There is no new technique for observing the skin that has not been immediately applied to the study of psoriasis - which is privileged to enjoy the reflected progress made in dermatology. Nor has psoriasis remained untouched by whims of fashion, all manner of scenarios having been suggested to explain it, right from a scarring disease to an autoimmune illness through a genetic or psychosomatic disorder. Psoriasis is at the origin of a medical revolution mounted to supplement and enhance the effectiveness of evidence-based medicine ; it is the “patient-centred medicine”. Psoriasis only exceptionally jeopardizes life. Conversely, it is a disease that does affect quality of life. The patient alone must be the judge of his or her quality of life, and it is therefore up to the patient, not the doctor, to gauge the severity of psoriasis and hence decide on reasonable therapeutic indications. Psoriasis, then, cannot be treated without placing the patient, not the illness, at the centre of therapeutic negotiations. The 20th century has seen the disease targeted by boundless efforts ; the 21st century will see the development of medical techniques that allow the patient, in all its complexity, to be positioned at the centre of therapeutic efforts. This revolution began in dermatology, centring around psoriasis, and is spreading progressively to all chronic disorders and all disciplines. New quite interesting therapeutic weapons are available from a few months making possible to better adjust the therapeutic strategies of psoriasis to the patients needs but they are expensive opening again the debates on the limit of the social solidarity.

The world of high technology emerges and progresses according to an institutional model. Entrepreneurs start up new businesses or innovate within existing firms. Three factors: incubation, sponsorship and model-based learning, amplify the effects of the agglomeration of societies around major urban centers. The industrial infrastructure, with a partnership guided by progress and its market-oriented approach, benefits from the politics of technology, aided by experience and capital. In short, any development should involve the creation and adoption of a veritable strategy along six axes: aiding the creation of businesses, stimulating the effects of agglomeration, constructing the support infrastructure, orienting risk capital toward the field involved, entering federal programs and putting forward mobilizing projects.

AbstractCanada is considering new proposals for juvenile justice with emphasis on the prevention of juvenile crime; keeping young people out of courts and custody; holding young people accountable for their offences in meaningful ways; providing effective programs to deal with offenders, especially repeat and violent offenders; making the juvenile justice system more culturally responsive; increasing the responsibility of parents; and giving victims a greater voice. Many of these issues have been taken into account by the juvenile justice system introduced in New Zealand in 1989. This paper comments on the New Zealand experience of diverting young people from courts by involving them and their families in family group conferences where they meet with victims to decide on how best to respond to the offences. New Zealand research demonstrates that family group conferences can be effective ways of holding young people accountable, diverting them from courts and custodial sentences, providing for culturally appropriate options, encouraging parental responsibility, giving victims a role and reducing repeat offences. It is suggested that Canada could adapt certain aspects of the New Zealand system in developing new strategies to achieve its objectives.

It is not easy to explain the traditional photographic novel's poverty of inspiration and formal treatment.Invoking the impact of economic constraints and the sociological characteristics of its readership has for too lon thwarted a searching reflection on the subject. In focusing on the expressive limitations of the photo novel, some contemporary critiques force us to shift our gaze from the aesthetic or thematic, to the material aspects of the medium. Following Jan Baetens' lead, this article retraces a number of strategies at work in recent exemplars of the genre.

This article provides the results of a study on strategic management in the Quebec agricultural sector. The main objective was to identify, in the light of what industrial small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are doing, a strategic management approach suitable for farm managers. We also wanted to identify tools that would make this approach operational. Interviews with farm managers contributed to validate the proposed approach and to identify which tools already used in agricultural firms are appropriate for the strategic approach. In addition, we observed that several tools used by SMEs were missing in farm management. Therefore, using them would promote strategic management in agriculture.

Keywords: Gestion stratégique, Agriculture, Gestion de la PME, Outils de gestion

AbstractThis paper presents a study focusing on student teachers' information searching and information processing strategies in Web-based environments. Ten student teachers completing their program performed nine information searching and processing tasks. Data collected through observation, thinking aloud process and interview showed a wide range of strategies throughout the completion of these tasks, but the study also highlights some shortfalls and limitations related to those strategies.

Keywords: recherche et traitement de l'information, environnement informatique, formation des futurs enseignants, information searching, information technology, student teacher