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This article examines the development of enterprise cooperatives across the five main sectors concerned: farming, fishing, artisanal crafts and trades, retailing, and transport services. Each of these five sectors is the subject of a specific paper in this special feature. The author sketches the major stages in the creation of the enterprise cooperative form, starting from the thirty-year period of postwar growth known as the Trente Glorieuses to the emergence of powerful cooperative groups. Some quantitative data reveal the economic weight of each sector. How has market globalization affected each sector? In this competitive climate, are the strategic decisions made by individual entrepreneurs belonging to cooperatives comparable? Increasing membership appears to be an important factor for securing the future of these groups.

The professionalization process of individual actors and organisations in the social economy is a phenomenon that has been examined from various perspectives in the literature for many years. Different definitions of this notion can be found, illustrating the term's ambiguity. Understanding this process is essential in the current climate, which has been driving a number of social economy enterprises towards greater professionalization to adapt to an increasingly competitive environment, the growing demands of their business sector, and the specific requirements of their partners. The aims of this article are to present the issues of professionalization for social economy enterprises and suggest areas to be considered with regards to possible solutions for achieving a professionalization process that is both effective and appropriate for the particular features of social economy enterprises.

ABSTRACT This article examines the implementation of an evaluation stategy in a socio-professional rehabilitation centre. In this project, measuring instruments were developed with the double intention of providing a clinical evaluation that would be useful for the intervener, as well as ensuring an evaluation of the clientele's evolution that would assist in the observation of effects resulting from interventions within groups of beneficiaries. Following the first analysis of data, which showed that the program had difficulty in retaining its clientele, a second study was undertaken to establish the profile of beneficiaries on whom the program had a positive impact and those for whom the stay at the centre did not provide any significant effects.

Being a teacher in digital age goes well beyond the classroom and is part of a reality that is becoming increasingly complex at the post-secondary level (college and university), particularly with the multiplication of online training opportunities. Post-secondary teachers are primarily content specialists (Bolduc, 2010) and educational training is not mandatory for them. While the need for educational training is partially met by a supply of credited and non-credited training by higher education institutions, we are now seeing a decentralization and fragmentation of the offer. In line with the Digital Action Plan and the Digital Competency Framework, this text will explain the links between professional development expectancies and the potential of digital technology.

Keywords: Développement professionnel, compétence numérique, collégial, universitaire, Professional development, digital literacy, higher education

Objectives The aim of this article is to present an overview of the reflections led by various European and international organizations on the employment of people with mental disorders.Methods This study is based on data from websites of international organizations and interviews taken place with a disability specialist at the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and members of the European Commission.Results Unlike the French law of 11 February 2005 which refers expressly to psychic disability, this notion is not explicitly dedicated by various European and international legal rules. However, these standards like the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities have adopted the contemporary model which presents disability as the result of an interaction between person and environment. Thus they acknowledge that disabled people include people suffering from mental disorders because in the person's environment, a psychiatric impairment could lead to limitations of activities or restrictions of social participation that constitute a situation of disability of psychiatric origin. Therefore, the legal mechanisms often do not provide appropriate answers to the characteristics of psychiatric disability.Besides, negative attitudes, stereotypes and discrimination towards people with a psychiatric disability are still observed in the workplace, in spite of intensified anti-discrimination legislation.This study inventories the different proposals to remedy to substantial barriers to the employment of people with a psychiatric condition. In the European Union's strategy for increasing the employment of these persons, particular consideration is given to put forward a series of key recommendations to improve practices of reasonable accommodation in the workplace. Nonetheless, it must be emphasized that it is necessary to conceive adequate measures in order to take into account the changeability and the unpredictability of mental disorders. Indeed, situations of psychiatric disability require flexibility and reactivity more than any other situation of disability. The discrimination experienced by people with a psychiatric disability is likely to continue as long as specific responses are not implemented. In this perspective, ILO highlights a number of best practices addressing the challenges of psychiatric disabled people's employment. That is why a disability network was created to share knowledge. The great added value of this network is the opportunity to share best practices between companies, best practices between countries in order to increase the ability to include people with mental disorders. Focus is put on strategies to combat discrimination in employment, by raising awareness, exploring measures and good practices to improve mental health in the workplace.Conclusion Finally, this study shows similar challenges in the prevention of the mental health and the issue of the psychiatric handicap, including to remedy to the insufficient attention paid to provide reasonable accommodation to persons with mental disorders.

Keywords: handicap psychique, définition, travailleurs handicapés, santé mentale au travail, organisations internationales, institutions européennes, psychiatric disability, definition, disabled workers, mental health in the workplace, international organizations, European Union

A self-supporting tutorial-type training programme to be followed asynchronously by members of the ESG UQAM Master's programme has been produced by the Library Service. It fills the information skills gaps that were measured in a survey conducted by the Promotion of Information Skills Development (PDCI). Among the modules to be developed, one was to deal with the evaluation of sources. From this process emerged a broader reflection on the evaluation method to be used to train students. The consultation of available models as well as the literature review allowed us to identify that the existing strategies were not adapted to training, because they function mainly through an analysis by type of document. This article therefore presents the strategy chosen to train in the evaluation of sources (Module 5) of the ESG UQAM course. It also positions the choice of proposing a step-by-step method that ultimately leads the learner to the evaluation of information.

In Quebec, social workers practice collective intervention (or community organization) to support various collective action processes. This article describes the preliminary findings of a partnership research initiative that sheds light on collective intervention's contribution to the development of territorial communities in a shared desire to take into account climate issues and invest in the socio-ecological transition.

This study analyzed the dynamics of ICT integration in learning in Burundi. A survey of 331 volunteer students was carried out to determine each participant's level and to analyze the factors influencing the pedagogical integration of ICT.

Keywords: Formation médicale, intégration pédagogique des TIC, fossé numérique, étudiants, Burundi, Medical training, pedagogical integration of ICT, digital gap, students, Burundi