Documents found
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81.More information
There has been a tendency lately in the United States to talk about the breakdown of the domestic consensus on the purpose of American nuclear strategy. The Reagan administration policies have been largely responsible for the growing felt need by many to question the doctrine and plans underlining that strategy. Why did the erosion of the strategic consensus take place ? One explanation examined in this paper is that the U.S. government has appeared in its nuclear strategy to emphasize more and more counterforce and limited nuclear war plans as its nuclear weapons policy, and therefore has become increasingly receptive to the idea that atomic bombs can be treated like conventional weapons and thought in ways characteristic of the pronuclear world. The central purpose of this article is to analyze how those two phenomenons - the attractiveness of counterforce and the erosion of the strategic consensus - are related to one another. The evolution of the doctrine of counterforce is assessed through a survey of the literature from 1974 to 1984, and particularly from 1980 with the coming to power of the Reagan administration.
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82.More information
Under the combined effect of multiple pressures, organizations are more and more encouraged to commit to sustainable development, more specifically in terms of environmental safety. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) remain faced with what appear to be insurmountable obstacles. Meanwhile, national and international authorities highlight the fact that new technologies, especially information and communication technologies (ICT), pave the way for more sustainable models of society.
Keywords: Fabrique de la stratégie, Stratégie collective, Club de dirigeants, TIC
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83.More information
Over the past two decades, the proponents of « New Security Studies » have developed a wide-ranging and influential critique of strategic studies and their contribution to the study of international security and, more generally, international relations as a whole. They commonly charge that the rationalist and materialist foundations at the epistemological core of strategic studies undermine the field's ability to capture the most puzzling aspects of international security and international relations. However, this vigorous and influential challenge has not been seriously addressed so far. I argue that strategic studies remain largely immune to the broadeners' claim and will respond to their epistemological objections.
Keywords: Clausewitz (Carl von), épistémologie, matérialisme, rationalisme, Schelling (Thomas C.), sécurité, stratégie, Clausewitz (Carl von), epistemology, materialism, rationalism, Schelling (Thomas C.), security, strategy, Clausewitz (Carl von), epistemología, materialismo, racionalismo, Schelling (Thomas C.), seguridad, estrategia
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84.More information
Tourism is a big consumer of water. Since, water resources in Tunisia are characterized by scarcity and a pronounced irregularity is management should be done with appropriate strategies. The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of hotels operators in Tunisia in order to identify strategies for water management that would be part of their sustainable development (SD) strategies. Our study was conducted on hotels managed by the Accor group, a leader in the tourism and especially involved Tunisian tourism development and in SD. In regard of the results of this exploratory study, we concluded that the Accor hotels have a SD strategy identified as “engage”. This strategy is based on several activities linked to the water management. But other hotels are more concerned for the cost of water and develop some specific actions that could be considered as “incoming” strategy.
Keywords: développement durable, empreinte écologique, eau, tourisme, Tunisie, sustainable development, ecological footprint, water, tourism, Tunisia
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