Search Results

AbstractHistorical maps are not simply scientific reflections of geography. It is better to understand them as « constructions » that show us how past societies understood their world. They played a significant role in the construction of a « New World of the mind » by the French ministers, Louis and Jérôme de Pontchartrain, who governed the destiny of Canada between 1690 and 1715. If the maps of J.-B.-L. Franquelin reveal both the danger and the possibilities of a continental, imperialist policy in North America, the maps of J.-B. de Couagne show us Jérôme's less grandiose choice. Consequently, we are obliged to reject the thesis of an ambitious imperial policy in the last years of the reign of Louis XIV.

2022 is an important one for international environmental governance, which has lost none of its dynamism fifty years after the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, often regarded as the birthplace of environmental diplomacy. But international environmental governance has a much longer history. In the introduction to this special issue, we first briefly retrace this history. We then look back at its place in international studies, before specifying its place in French-speaking international studies. These overviews enable us to identify a number of avenues for further research, which this special issue aims to explore. Finally, we present the contributions to the special issue, which as a whole offers a detailed insight into current diplomatic processes, while opening up new horizons for the field of international studies.

Keywords: Gouvernance internationale environnementale, diplomatie de l'environnement, politique environnementale internationale, écologie, Conférence des Nations Unies sur l'environnement humain de Stockholm, International environmental governance, environmental diplomacy, international environmental politics, ecology, United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm

The Yellow Vests movement has often been described as “populist”. Based on a psychosocial analysis, this article assesses the pertinence of the term and discusses how the experience of the Yellow Vests contributes to populism studies. The first part of the article introduces the Yellow Vests movement and discusses the suitability of using the term populism to characterize it, considering in particular how differently diverse theoretical approaches assess the relationship between populism and democracy. It is first argued that the movement can be called populist because it is able to include subalternized sectors in politics in an aesthetically transgressive way. However, in and of itself this label does not indicate anything about the democratic character of the protests. The second part of the article presents a series of in-depth interviews with twenty protesters to assess the democratic character of the movement. The article concludes that the Yellow Vests demonstrate that anti-democratic and radical democratic ethical positions can coexist within the same populist movement.

Keywords: Gilets jaunes, populisme, démocratie radicale, études psychosociales, identités collectives, Yellow Vests, Populism, Radical Democracy, Psychosocial Studies, Collective Identities

The present article builds upon the correlation established by the psychoanalyst Jean-Pierre Lebrun, in several of his writings, between unusual practices that emerged during Nazism and the profound transformation of Western subjectivity encapsulated by the concept of the “neo-subject” as discussed by Lebrun. This study aims to delve into various specific traits of the neo-subject, drawing upon the works of historians specializing in Nazism, as these traits resonate with contemporary reality. While our era is not devoid of such traits, the focus here is less on murderous violence and more on mundane phenomena inherent in the psychic economy of the neo-subject: resignation towards duties, lack of empathy, denial of reality, etc. The first section of the article will outline the imagery of the racially unified community bound by blood, based on the Nazi rejection of established state and legal mediations references. The second section aims to demonstrate how violence is euphemized by the discourse of science. Finally, the third section will illustrate how war facilitates the amalgamation of a primitivist nostalgia with a technophilia typical of advanced capitalism.

The business model of open-source actors has received particular attention from researchers. However, these studies have not thoroughly investigated the role of branding in this area. Here we propose a case study focusing on a small open-source publisher, Xwiki, which demonstrates how branding can play a crucial role in articulating the two pillars of the business model: the creation and capture of value. We show that synergistic management of the brand and the developer community – while maintaining a high degree of control over both – can allow for exploiting their complementarities.

Keywords: logiciel open source, business model, marque, appropriation, open-source software, business model, brand, appropriation, software de código abierto, modelo de negocio, marca, apropiación

In this paper, we study the digital practices of secondary school students through a specific pedagogical system allowing students to exchange their ideas or discuss literary texts studied in class, as well as to comment on the written productions of their classmates. Thanks to this system, based on extra-curricular digital practices and, more specifically, on fanfiction, young students expand their analytical skills toward not only literary texts but also school productions of their peers. After giving a typology of students' comments, we wonder whether students have all commented on the same points in similar ways. Lastly, we investigate whether students have changed their initial written productions and whether these productions have been influenced by the comments, and if so, in what ways? Are comments beneficial to both the critical reader and the school writer?

Keywords: pratique numérique, fanfiction, commentaire métatextuel, rétroaction, collaboration, digital practice, fanfiction, reflexive comment, retroaction, collaboration

The search for responsibility for the invasion of Ukraine and the resulting crimes is already moving towards a double axis: the identification of individual criminal responsibilities on one hand, and the questioning of the responsibility of Russia as a State. Potentially complementary, these strategies, nevertheless, refer to two distinct visions of the causes and fundamental nature of the atrocities committed in Ukraine. If this debate is not new, in the case of Ukraine takes on a particular dimension, linked to the whole issue of transitional justice in the region and to a necessary effort to problematize the war in Ukraine. While acknowledging that the emphasis placed on individual responsibility in contemporary times is a reaction to the well-known limits of State responsibility for crimes, it is also a question of evaluating the dangers of overinvestment in individual responsibility. This tends to deprive crimes under international law of their character as part of a State, public or collective, which is essential to their understanding. We will therefore try to think of the complexity of responsibility for crimes under international law as a function of the interweaving, specific to each case, between State and individual, but also collective, responsibilities. This will help bring about a more systemic understanding of international responsibility, which can ultimately do justice to the complexity of the question of responsibility in Ukraine.

The internationalization's process of emerging countries' multinational firms (EMNF) challenges the theoretical approaches in international business. This work aims to identify the specificities of EMNF's internationalization through the study of JBS, a Brazilian firm world leader in meat production. Based on internal company data and a collection of secondary information, we have traced around fifty acquisition operations in Brazil and abroad. Our results confirm that the EMNFs' internationalization process follows a specific trajectory compared to those revealed by last internationalization models (Born Global, Springbaord, Casino): strong financial dimension, acquisitions of subsidiaries of international groups, then used to acquire other firms, controlled geographical expansion and aimed at securing supply and distribution, and strong support from financial and political national institutions.

Keywords: FMN, pays émergents, internationalisation, Brésil, viande, MNF, emergent countries, internationalization, Brazil, meat, EMN, países emergentes, internacionalización, Brasil, carne