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This paper discusses the topic of extreme body modification by focusing on the movement defined as « body hacking ». Grounded in the technological era, it illustrates the emergence of a socially extended, rational, organic model that makes use of artificial materials in the personal sphere. To illustrate, we mention the use of subcutaneous microchips, magnetic implants, epidermis replacement by titanium plates, and vibrating genital implants. The « body hackers » propose new feelings or emotions that participate in the development of a new relation to the body by increasing its sensory capacity. Meanwhile, their first objective is deconstructing body normativity and freeing themselves from any power that desires to control corporeality. We propose to identify the treatment that these actors reserve to the body : observing what they do. Which body do they project, and to which man ? Through an international ethnographic investigation describing these new practices related to bodily changes and its enhancement, this study identifies the transformation of the organism operating within our societies. It shows new interactions between man and technology which, rather than just compensating for a disability, provide additional functions.

Keywords: Duarte, piratage du corps, body hacking, technologie, modification corporel, dispositifs électroniques, implants, Duarte, Body Hackers, Body Hacking, Technology, Body Modification, Electronic Devices, Implants, Duarte, piratería del cuerpo, body hacking, tecnología, modificación del cuerpo, dispositivos electrónicos, implantes

AbstractThis paper examines the characteristics of the production of French-speaking economic articles. It takes the examples of the general French-speaking reviews of the CNRS's ranking. We have constituted a database for 9 reviews for 2000-2004 (1449 articles, 1623 authors, 90 universities and 319 French research centers and organizations). The purposes, the functioning and the content of the reviews are considered. All papers are analyzed with the classification JEL for a comparison of the themes handled. A bibliometric analysis is realized. The rankings of the authors'universities and research centers and organizations are elaborated. Five indicators and the results of a inquiry with French-speaking economists are utilized for the ranking of the reviews.

Studies on the abundance and diversity of aphids were conducted during three crop seasons in Mali. Based on the survey of yellow traps set in potato crops in Kati and Sikasso, 2,525 winged aphids were collected and identified. Nineteen species of aphids were identified, two of which were also observed in situ on potato plants: Aphis gossypii (Glover) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Most of these species are crop pests and they also contribute to viral transmission. Leaf samples taken in potato plots in both regions were tested by ELISA for the detection of two major viruses: Potato Virus Y (PVY) and Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV). The rate of virus-infected plants at both locations during the three years ranged from 19.3% to 21.8% for PVY, and from 8.5% to 9.3% for PLRV. The occurrence of these viral diseases was very consistent from one year to the next, with relatively high levels. This study is the first survey conducted in this region of Mali on the importance of aphids and associated viruses in potato fields.

Keywords: Abondance, aphidifaune, diversité, Kati, Mali, pomme de terre, PLRV, PVY, Sikasso, Abundance, aphidifauna, diversity, Kati, Mali, PLRV, potato, PVY, Sikasso

Rousseau's thoughts on education are being presented and then put in tension with todays educational conceptions. We aim at highlighting in how far Rousseau's work can still contribute to conceive teaching and learning, but also how it is in tension with some contemporary educational tenets. We conclude by emphasising the need to reflect all teaching and learning taking into account the objective to allow the development of a human being bestowed with a unique potential, that of being able to become autonomous and free, actively taking part in his and his society's future.

Keywords: Rousseau, théories de l'éducation, enseignement-apprentissage, Rousseau, educational theory, teaching and learning

Keywords: Chine, think tanks, Xi Jinping, diplomatie, guānxì (关系), méthodologie, politique étrangère

Keywords: Genre, Chinois, groupes de pression, Comité des Seize, Red Light, opinion publique, toxicomanie, opium

Connected history, transnational history, histoire croisée, shared history, entangled history: all these “histories” deal with flows or movements (of persons, objects, ideas, institutions, practices…) across fields of mutual influence. Such a cross-border approach is currently in vogue. After describing this approach and the context in which it emerged, the article applies it by proposing a few examples of flows that encompass Quebec (in the 20th century) and the St. Lawrence Valley (under the French Régime).

American settlers were coming in great numbers into the former Illinois Country during the first three decades of the 19th Century. They quickly modified the political, economical and judicial systems that the local white French-speaking inhabitants were used to since the 18th Century. However, these inhabitants were still a significant part of the population and therefore were successful in preserving several characteristics of their social life and culture. Their traditional mores, such as the spirit of solidarity and collaboration, family stability and cultural segregation, greatly permeated the sociability that reigned in the festive environment of their carnival's balls.