Documents found
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341.More information
In this article, Guy Poirier analyzes the way in which Pierre-François-Xavier de Charlevoix perceives the work of the Recollect Gabriel Sagard in his Histoire et description générale de la Nouvelle France and his Journal de voyage. Guy Poirier also examines the skepticism demonstrated by the Jesuit Charlevoix faced with the Recollects' contributions to the evangelization and colonization of New France. Finally, the author comments on some of the borrowings made by the Jesuit from the work of Sagard.
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343.More information
At the zenith of his life, the baron Pierre-Joseph-Victor de Besenval de Brünstatt (1721-1791), after having distinguished himself in battle under the reign of Louis XV as a colonel in the regiment of Swiss guards, had become the most seasoned courtier of Versailles. Assiduous member of Marie-Antoinette’s entourage, witty and attractive, he excelled in the two arts which were the mainstays of the Queen’s coterie at the Trianon château: the art of conversation and that of gallantry. Besenval had a prevailing passion; he was one of the finest art collectors of his time. In the aftermath of the storming of the Bastille, a momentous event he could not prevent despite commanding the Royal troops in Paris, he left the capital hastily, was caught, imprisoned, judged, and miraculously freed. The aim of this article is to examine different portraits of this aristocrat who embodied the Ancien régime and its downfall who, at the dawn of the Revolution, wanted to bow out gracefully from these tumultuous times leaving behind an exceptional portrait of himself as an art collector. A unique painting of its kind amongst 18th century French works, this fascinating and intimate fireside portrait immortalises Besenval’s wit and taste for posterity.
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345.More information
Flood risk management approaches have shifted toward the combination of both physical, engineered-centred and governance-based mitigation measures. Governance-based measures, previously perceived as a complement to structural measures, appear today prominent and, especially, are playing a dominant role in flood risk management. In the context of climate changes, the use of governance-based mitigation is believed to foster adaptability; governance-based mitigation measures may be changed along the way. However, the transition to governance measures, for the rural stakeholders in the Gironde estuary, raises some issues when it comes to their flexibility while implemented in combination with the existing structural measures. This paper analyses this combination in regard of the uncertainties related to climate changes.
Keywords: transition, mesures non structurelles, risque inondation, adaptation, changements climatiques, transition, non-structural measures, flood risk, adaptation, climate change
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350.More information
The article focuses on the issue of soil preservation in the face of its consumption for urban development. Despite legislation that increasingly promotes land sobriety, soil consumption remains at a high rate in France. Approaches based on the recognition of ecosystem services are being developed to improve the conservation of natural resources. Do these approaches succeed in influencing the consumption of land by local elected authorities? What is the diversity of perceptions of ecosystem services and of development strategies among local elected authorities? Through the concept of ecosystem services, we analyze the perceptions and uses of land by elected authorities in six French periurban areas. By crossing the discourses on the ecosystem services of soils and their actual consumption, we show the limit of a normative approach of ecosystem services for the regulation of land uses.
Keywords: services écosystémiques, sols, consommation de sols, usages des sols, planification, ecosystem services, soils, soil consumption, land uses, planning