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523.More information
This is the second part of an analysis of the material, contextual and hermeneutic transformations associated with the publication of several editions of the same book − the Cymbalum mundi (Paris, 1537; Lyons, 1538) − over almost five centuries. The first part focused on original editions of the 16th century, their possible manuscript circulation in the 17th, as well as bibliophilic (and pirated) editions of the 18th century. The present study examines scholarly editions of the 19th century and academic editions of the 20th. This comparative examination over the “long term” is highly revealing regarding the evolution of literary publishing modalities in the print era and the interpretative stakes associated with these transformations during the “Gutenberg parenthesis.” We conclude by considering the potential for re-appropriation − or “dis-appropriation” − offered by new digital editions of the same work as this parenthesis comes to a close in the 21th century.
Keywords: Histoire du livre, histoire de l'édition, interface du livre, parenthèse Gutenberg, histoire de l'imprimé, littérature française, Renaissance, édition numérique, History of the book, history of editing, book interface, Gutenberg parenthesis, print culture, French literature, Renaissance, digital edition
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525.More information
In this article, the author aims to analyze the notion of inclusion through the study of the museum institution. Reporting on the results of field surveys of French museums, the article proposes an analysis of museum devices in order to perceive their inclusive intentions. These results will lead to topics such as autonomy, gender diversity and stigma, necessarily related to the issue of inclusion. These inclusive museum devices are then confronted with the speeches of people with disabilities, to understand the real needs and desires of the individuals concerned. The article introduces the notion of an enabling environment, based on the consideration of capabilities (as understood and developed by Amartya Sen), as a response to inclusive injunctions, while guarding against the risk of homogenization and negation of the differences and specificities of each individuals.
Keywords: handicap, musée, inclusion, capabilités, environnement capacitant, dispositifs de médiation culturelle, access, capability, disability, inclusion, museum, museum devices
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529.More information
Public policies relating to defense issues are rarely characterized by a strong involvement of public opinion. It is not uncommon to speak of a democratic deficit on issues related to participation in international military interventions. The consensus that sometimes exists on these issues between the governing parties favors the coherence and continuity of these public policies but generally leads to a lack of politicization of these policies. However, it is possible to put them on the agenda. The 2015 general election that brought Justin Trudeau's Liberals to power in Canada is an excellent example of this, with the case of Canadian participation in the international coalition against Daesh. Conversely, one can only note the lack of politicization of the French contribution to this same international intervention, particularly during the national election campaigns of 2017 (although Paris was the second largest contributor to this after the United States). In a national context marked by the attacks of 2015 and then 2016 in France, only the questions of the extension of the military operation to Syria and the relations to be maintained with Bashar Al-Assad experienced a certain politicization. These differences of politicization raise questions about the modalities of politicization, the conditions favoring its emergence, as well as the consequences of politicization on the implementation of a public policy. This article aims to analyze the politicization processes of international military interventions within Western democracies – in particular during electoral campaigns – using France and Canada as case studies during the war against Daesh.
Keywords: politisation, enjeux de défense, élections nationales, mise à l'agenda, opinion publique, France, Canada, guerre contre Daech, propriétaire de l'enjeu, médiatisation, politicization, defense issues, national elections, agenda-setting, public opinion, France, Canada, war against Daesh, issue ownership, mediatization