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Our study aims to locate some networks of experts and researchers at global level, who produce new standards and measurement tools to improve the effectiveness and quality of education. For this, we are using the methodology of network analysis (Pajek) to objectify and study the links between co-publications. The definition of these links comes from a previous work in the development of a data base including 5300 references from approximately 3 500 authors. Epistemic communities are clearly identified and related to a paradigm: school effectiveness, human capital theory, international surveys in numeracy and literacy.

Keywords: Réseau, mesure, co-publication, éducation, science, politique, Pajek, school effectiveness, capital humain, comparaison internationale, Network, measurement, co-publication, education, science, policy, Pajek, school effectiveness, human capital, international surveys

In front of global warming of world demography increase, and of social demand it is important to redesign agricultural innovation process involving the stakeholders on the food-processing value chain providing them a fair profit. In this article we analyze the collective management of an agricultural supply chain allowed by the management of an cultivar innovation (the Ariane® apple) as a common good. Such a management is due to an original public private partnership between a public research institute (INRA) and the member of the value chain.

Keywords: bien commun, agriculture durable, réseau public-privé, innovation, pomme, common good, sustainable agriculture, public-private network, innovation, apple, bien común, agricultura sostenible, red pública y privada, innovación, manzana

The current of thought called “systemic thinking” is in relation to the complexity of the structures which underlie any organization. Indeed, this cognitive approach to the approach of world objects can be studied in multiple ways and thus generate different views of reality. Can systems thinking integrate entropy phenomena which participates in negative entropy as part of a scalar approach more global?

Keywords: Pensée systémique, entropie, approche scalaire, complexité, Systemic Thinking, Entropy, Scalar Approach, Complexity

To prevent or solve the drop-out problem, French-language education policies promote measures that encourage students to speak up (e.g. tutoring and support). These vectors of the “personalization” of teaching consider student voice as an alternative to the typical style of education. To examine how well these measures are being appropriated by those in charge of their implementation, a questionnaire evaluating the relevance of various tools and encouraging teachers to work with student voice was submitted to faculty members during a training session on dropout prevention. We note that these tools appear secondary, subsidiary or time-consuming to these teachers, and at the margins of their professional territory. We show that these tools are seen with professional patterns that neutralize their effectiveness.

This article analyzes the role legislative texts play in the identity process in France by examining the evolution of French nationality legislation since the passage of the 2003 law on immigration control, the residence of foreign nationals in France, and nationality. It shows that legislation, through its written dimension and the legitimizing framework of the state, has played a role both in instigating and finalizing the securitization process. Our examination of the situation in which the four laws amending the rights and conditions of French citizenship (2001, 2006, 2007, 2011) were enunciated reveals that securitization operates using mechanisms similar to Pierre Bourdieu's concept of “symbolic violence,” i.e., by enouncing securitization acts that are not recognized as such by the audience and that consequently legitimize the securitization process.

Keywords: sécuritisation, nationalité, loi, France, Bourdieu, violence symbolique, securitization, nationality, law, legislation, France, Bourdieu, symbolic violence, securitización, nacionalidad, ley, Francia, Bourdieu, violencia simbólica

In his Outlines of a Philosophy of Right, Hegel contends that revenge is just in its content but wrong in its form. In other words, it is justified in its pursuit of recognition but wrong in resorting to acts of subjective will instead of mediation through state justice, which, he argues, is founded in a rational and objective expression of collective will. While Hegel's argument may hold in cases of conflicts between individual subjects, it is harder to sustain when the wrong is committed by supra-individual entities (States, financial institutions) particularly in (neo)colonial contexts. In light of this asymmetrical complication, I seek to revisit the conception of justice associated with the Hegelian idea of the State. I do so by looking at four contemporary francophone novels in which episodes of individual revenge are construed as provocative indices that allow me to uncover the wrong in its asymmetrical setting, that is, to see and analyze offense as the personal, individual and intimately lived effect of a (geo)political wrong inflicted by (neo)colonialism. Ultimately, the assumption of State rationality is significantly qualified due to the influence of capitalist market forces and national sentiment.